[{"recordType":"species","licence":{"name":"Attribution 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"dateModified":"2022-02-09T04:55:00Z","displayTitle":"<em>Halecium ovatum</em> Totton, Hydroid","animalType":"Anemones & allies","animalSubType":"Hydroids","colours":[],"maximumSize":"","habitats":["Marine"],"whereToLook":[],"whenActive":[],"nationalParks":null,"diet":"Plankton or Particles","dietCategories":["Plankton"],"fastFact":null,"habitat":"Subtidal, epizoic on other hydroids.","distribution":"Antarctic and southern Pacific (Macquarie Island).","biology":null,"generalDescription":null,"briefId":null,"hazards":null,"endemicity":"Recorded in Australia","commercial":"No","conservationStatuses":[],"web":null,"plants":[],"flightStart":null,"flightEnd":null,"depths":[],"waterColumnLocations":["On or near seafloor"],"relatedItemIds":[],"relatedSpecimenIds":[],"relatedArticleIds":["articles/14374"],"relatedSpeciesIds":[],"authors":[{"firstName":"J.","lastName":"Watson","fullName":"J. Watson","biography":"Consultant with expertise in hydroid taxonomy and Honorary Associate at Museums Victoria until 2021.","profileImage":{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Woman SCUBA diving, part of reef in foreground.","large":{"width":500,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/30/520930-large.jpg","size":80730},"medium":{"width":500,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/30/520930-medium.jpg","size":56393},"small":{"width":500,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/30/520930-small.jpg","size":56393},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/30/520930-thumbnail.jpg","size":17838},"id":"media/520930","dateModified":"2016-11-10T03:22:00Z","caption":"Jan Watson thumbnail for webuse","creators":["Unknown photographer"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY","licence":{"name":"Attribution 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"}}}],"yearWritten":"2015","media":[{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Line drawing illustrating hydroid colony and polyp anatomy.","large":{"width":1632,"height":1220,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/26/488976-large.jpg","size":111286},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":1121,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/26/488976-medium.jpg","size":80683},"small":{"width":669,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/26/488976-small.jpg","size":27194},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/26/488976-thumbnail.jpg","size":7693},"id":"media/488976","dateModified":"2016-11-10T03:23:00Z","caption":"Generalised illustration of a hydroid with labels indicating major body parts.","creators":["Illustrator: Anna McCallum"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY","licence":{"name":"Attribution 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"}},{"type":"uri","uri":"https://museumsvictoria.com.au/apps/field-guide-app-to-victorian-fauna/","id":"media/900123","dateModified":"2022-12-02T01:07:00Z","caption":"Get the free MV Field Guide to Victorian Fauna app for Apple and Android devices","creators":[],"sources":[],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":null,"licence":{"name":"All Rights Reserved","shortName":"All Rights Reserved","uri":""}}],"taxonomy":{"kingdom":null,"phylum":"Cnidaria","subphylum":null,"superclass":null,"class":"Hydrozoa","subclass":null,"superorder":null,"order":null,"suborder":null,"infraorder":null,"superfamily":null,"family":"Haleciidae","subfamily":null,"genus":"Halecium","subgenus":null,"species":"ovatum","subspecies":null,"author":"Totton","code":"ICZN","taxonName":"Halecium ovatum","commonName":"Hydroid","otherCommonNames":[]},"id":"species/13980"},{"recordType":"species","licence":{"name":"Attribution 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"dateModified":"2022-04-20T06:45:00Z","displayTitle":"<em>Tyto alba javanica</em>, Barn Owl","animalType":"Birds","animalSubType":"Birds of prey","colours":["Grey","White"],"maximumSize":"39 cm","habitats":["Heathland","Farmland","Woodland"],"whereToLook":[],"whenActive":[],"nationalParks":null,"diet":"Carnivore","dietCategories":[],"fastFact":null,"habitat":"Open, often arid (dry) country, such as farms, heath and lightly-wooded forest.","distribution":"Eastern Australia.","biology":"It is a moderately common bird, but generally hard to see, as it is nocturnal. During the day, the birds roost in hollow logs, caves or on concealed tree branches, emerging at night to hunt. It feeds mostly on small mammals, rats and mice, and birds, but some insects, frogs and lizards are also eaten. It uses its exceptional hearing to search for prey on the ground. The slightest sound waves are channelled toward the ears, allowing the owl to pinpoint prey even in complete darkness. Barn Owls are the most widespread of the owls, found on every continent in the world except Antarctica. It is generally a quiet bird, with the common call being a 12 second rough, hissing screech. Less frequently, birds give whistling, wheezing notes and some snapping and bill clacking during mating and threat displays.","generalDescription":"A medium-sized owl with a white 'heart-shaped' facial disc. The body is sandy orange and light grey above, and white to cream underneath. Both the back and breast are evenly spotted with black. Young birds are similar to adults in plumage and females are slightly larger than males. Body size up to 39 cm. Call a 12 second rough, hissing screech.","briefId":"Medium sized, white facial disc, orange grey body, white cream underneath.","hazards":null,"endemicity":"Recorded in Australia","commercial":"No","conservationStatuses":["CITES: Not listed","FFG Threatened List: Not listed","EPBC Act 1999: Not listed","IUCN Red List: Not listed"],"web":null,"plants":[],"flightStart":null,"flightEnd":null,"depths":[],"waterColumnLocations":[],"relatedItemIds":[],"relatedSpecimenIds":[],"relatedArticleIds":[],"relatedSpeciesIds":[],"authors":[{"firstName":"Louise","lastName":"Carter","fullName":"Dr Louise Carter","biography":"Australian Museum","profileImage":null}],"yearWritten":"2013","media":[{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Brown and white owl standing on white track.","large":{"width":1668,"height":1112,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/5/858255-large.jpg","size":403803},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":1000,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/5/858255-medium.jpg","size":222141},"small":{"width":750,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/5/858255-small.jpg","size":73889},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/5/858255-thumbnail.jpg","size":17067},"id":"media/858255","dateModified":"2017-06-18T08:37:00Z","caption":"Eastern Barn Owl, <em>Tyto javanica</em>, standing on the ground.","creators":["Photographer: Chris Lindorff"],"sources":[],"credit":"Chris Lindorff / NatureShare","rightsStatement":"Copyright Chris Lindorff / CC BY","licence":{"name":"Attribution 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"}},{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Brown and white owl head twisted round over back.","large":{"width":2316,"height":1544,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/6/858256-large.jpg","size":609745},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":1000,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/6/858256-medium.jpg","size":181564},"small":{"width":750,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/6/858256-small.jpg","size":59781},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/6/858256-thumbnail.jpg","size":15754},"id":"media/858256","dateModified":"2017-06-18T08:38:00Z","caption":"Tyto javinica, Eastern Barn Owl","creators":["Photographer: Chris Lindorff"],"sources":[],"credit":"Chris Lindorff / NatureShare","rightsStatement":"Copyright Chris Lindorff / CC BY","licence":{"name":"Attribution 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"}},{"type":"uri","uri":"https://museumsvictoria.com.au/apps/field-guide-app-to-victorian-fauna/","id":"media/900123","dateModified":"2022-12-02T01:07:00Z","caption":"Get the free MV Field Guide to Victorian Fauna app for Apple and Android devices","creators":[],"sources":[],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":null,"licence":{"name":"All Rights Reserved","shortName":"All Rights Reserved","uri":""}}],"taxonomy":{"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Chordata","subphylum":"Vertebrata","superclass":null,"class":"Aves","subclass":null,"superorder":null,"order":"Strigiformes","suborder":null,"infraorder":null,"superfamily":null,"family":"Tytonidae","subfamily":null,"genus":"Tyto","subgenus":null,"species":"alba","subspecies":"javanica","author":null,"code":"ICZN","taxonName":"Tyto alba javanica","commonName":"Barn Owl","otherCommonNames":[]},"id":"species/6167"},{"recordType":"species","licence":{"name":"Attribution 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"dateModified":"2022-04-20T07:07:00Z","displayTitle":"<em>Calidris ruficollis</em>, Red-necked Stint","animalType":"Birds","animalSubType":"Shore birds & waders","colours":["Grey","White","Brown"],"maximumSize":"","habitats":["Coastal Shores","Wetland"],"whereToLook":[],"whenActive":[],"nationalParks":null,"diet":"Omnivore","dietCategories":["Crustaceans","Insects","Aquatic weed"],"fastFact":null,"habitat":"Intertidal mudflats and inland waters.","distribution":"Worldwide. Mainland Australia and Tasmania.","biology":"Red-necked Stints migrate from the northern hemisphere, where they breed, to Australia in summer. They arrive in August and depart in February-March. Many overwinter in Australia.","generalDescription":"Non-breeding: Upper body mottled light grey and brown, underparts white. White stripe above the eye. Bill slightly enlarged at the tip. Legs black. Wings with a white stripe fading to grey on primary feathers. Breeding: Upperparts, head and neck red-brown. White eye stripe more faint. Body up to 16 cm long.","briefId":"Grey and brown body, white underneath, white at base of bill, bill slightly enlarged at the base. In flight, white tail edges with strong black marking in the middle.","hazards":null,"endemicity":"Native to Australia","commercial":null,"conservationStatuses":["CITES: Not listed","FFG Threatened List: Not listed","EPBC Act 1999: Not listed","IUCN Red List: Near Threatened"],"web":null,"plants":[],"flightStart":null,"flightEnd":null,"depths":[],"waterColumnLocations":[],"relatedItemIds":[],"relatedSpecimenIds":[],"relatedArticleIds":["articles/14374"],"relatedSpeciesIds":[],"authors":[{"firstName":null,"lastName":null,"fullName":"Museums Victoria Staff","biography":null,"profileImage":null}],"yearWritten":"2010","media":[{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Whtie-chested bird on rock.","large":{"width":3000,"height":2000,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/41/824291-large.jpg","size":1375399},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":1000,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/41/824291-medium.jpg","size":165427},"small":{"width":750,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/41/824291-small.jpg","size":48560},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/41/824291-thumbnail.jpg","size":8002},"id":"media/824291","dateModified":"2023-06-03T01:22:00Z","caption":"<em>Calidris ruficollis</em>, Red-necked Stint. Western Treatment Plant, Werribee, Victoria.","creators":["Photographer: David Paul"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY-NC","licence":{"name":"Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY-NC","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"}},{"type":"image","alternativeText":"White-chested bird taking off from rock.","large":{"width":3000,"height":2000,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/43/824293-large.jpg","size":1063462},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":1000,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/43/824293-medium.jpg","size":132255},"small":{"width":750,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/43/824293-small.jpg","size":40495},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/43/824293-thumbnail.jpg","size":7258},"id":"media/824293","dateModified":"2023-06-03T01:23:00Z","caption":"<em>Calidris ruficollis</em>, Red-necked Stint. Western Treatment Plant, Werribee, Victoria.","creators":["Photographer: David Paul"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY-NC","licence":{"name":"Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY-NC","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"}},{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Numerous white birds on rock in water.","large":{"width":3000,"height":2000,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/47/824297-large.jpg","size":855092},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":1000,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/47/824297-medium.jpg","size":157952},"small":{"width":750,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/47/824297-small.jpg","size":50264},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/47/824297-thumbnail.jpg","size":8428},"id":"media/824297","dateModified":"2023-06-03T01:23:00Z","caption":"<em>Calidris ruficollis</em>, Red-necked Stint. Western Treatment Plant, Werribee, Victoria.","creators":["Photographer: David Paul"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY-NC","licence":{"name":"Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY-NC","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"}},{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Many white birds in flight over water.","large":{"width":3000,"height":690,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/15/915965-large.jpg","size":212916},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":345,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/15/915965-medium.jpg","size":43376},"small":{"width":2173,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/15/915965-small.jpg","size":78942},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/15/915965-thumbnail.jpg","size":2740},"id":"media/915965","dateModified":"2023-06-03T04:00:00Z","caption":"<em>Calidris ruficollis</em>, Red-necked Stint. Western Treatment Plant, Werribee, Victoria.","creators":["Photographer: David Paul"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY-NC","licence":{"name":"Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY-NC","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"}},{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Two Red-necked Stints wading through shallow water.","large":{"width":1500,"height":996,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/1/389601-large.jpg","size":350414},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":996,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/1/389601-medium.jpg","size":246555},"small":{"width":753,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/1/389601-small.jpg","size":84031},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/1/389601-thumbnail.jpg","size":13056},"id":"media/389601","dateModified":"2015-02-27T01:51:00Z","caption":"Red-necked Stint, <em>Calidris ruficollis</em>.","creators":["Photographer: Alison Kuiter"],"sources":["Alison Kuiter"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Alison Kuiter / All Rights Reserved","licence":{"name":"All Rights Reserved","shortName":"All Rights Reserved","uri":""}},{"type":"uri","uri":"https://museumsvictoria.com.au/apps/field-guide-app-to-victorian-fauna/","id":"media/900123","dateModified":"2022-12-02T01:07:00Z","caption":"Get the free MV Field Guide to Victorian Fauna app for Apple and Android devices","creators":[],"sources":[],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":null,"licence":{"name":"All Rights Reserved","shortName":"All Rights Reserved","uri":""}}],"taxonomy":{"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Chordata","subphylum":"Vertebrata","superclass":null,"class":"Aves","subclass":null,"superorder":null,"order":"Charadriiformes","suborder":null,"infraorder":null,"superfamily":null,"family":"Scolopacidae","subfamily":null,"genus":"Calidris","subgenus":null,"species":"ruficollis","subspecies":null,"author":null,"code":"ICZN","taxonName":"Calidris ruficollis","commonName":"Red-necked Stint","otherCommonNames":[]},"id":"species/8202"},{"recordType":"species","licence":{"name":"Attribution 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"dateModified":"2017-02-06T08:22:00Z","displayTitle":"<em>Acanthiza pusilla</em>, Brown Thornbill","animalType":"Birds","animalSubType":"Song birds (other)","colours":["Brown"],"maximumSize":"10 cm","habitats":["Coastal shores","Forest","Woodland","Coastal shrub","Wetland"],"whereToLook":[],"whenActive":[],"nationalParks":null,"diet":"Omnivore","dietCategories":["Insects","Fruit","Nectar"],"fastFact":null,"habitat":"Forests, rainforests, woodlands, heathlands, shrublands and urban areas.","distribution":"Eastern and south-eastern mainland Australia and Tasmania.","biology":"Brown Thornbills feed mainly on insects, but also eat fruit, seeds and nectar. They feed amongst understorey vegetation and in low trees, generally in pairs. Outside of the breeding season, they feed in flocks with other thornbill species. Brown Thornbills form pair-bonds for life and will defend their territories all year. Females build a domed nest in low understorey vegetation. The nest is built of grasses, bark and spider webs, has a partly hooded opening and is lined with soft materials, such as fur and feathers. The usual clutch size is three eggs. Parents will drive fledglings from their territory in early autumn. To help deter nest predators, Brown Thornbills can mimic the alarm calls that other species make when they are warning of incoming raptors.","generalDescription":"Upperparts olive-brown, underparts buff white to grey. Chest, throat and chin streaked black. Rump reddish-brown rump transitioning into a grey-brown tail with pale tip. Forehead reddish-brown with buff scallops. Eye large and red. Bill to tail length up to 10 cm.","briefId":"A medium-sized olive brown thornbill with black streaks on the throat and chest.","hazards":null,"endemicity":"Native to Australia","commercial":"No","conservationStatuses":[],"web":null,"plants":[],"flightStart":null,"flightEnd":null,"depths":[],"waterColumnLocations":[],"relatedItemIds":[],"relatedSpecimenIds":[],"relatedArticleIds":[],"relatedSpeciesIds":[],"authors":[{"firstName":"Amy","lastName":"Adams","fullName":"Dr Amy L. Adams","biography":"Research Assistant at Museums Victoria.","profileImage":null}],"yearWritten":"2016","media":[{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Small brown bird on small branch.","large":{"width":3000,"height":2002,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/49/928749-large.jpg","size":1739330},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":1001,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/49/928749-medium.jpg","size":235371},"small":{"width":749,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/49/928749-small.jpg","size":62414},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/49/928749-thumbnail.jpg","size":12200},"id":"media/928749","dateModified":"2023-06-03T04:46:00Z","caption":"<em>Acanthiza pusilla</em>, Brown Thornbill. Western Port Intertidal Coastal Reserve, Victoria.","creators":["Photographer: David Paul"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY-NC","licence":{"name":"Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY-NC","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"}},{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Small brown bird in shadow on branch.","large":{"width":3000,"height":2000,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/46/651046-large.jpg","size":648884},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":1000,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/46/651046-medium.jpg","size":143357},"small":{"width":750,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/46/651046-small.jpg","size":53682},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/46/651046-thumbnail.jpg","size":11421},"id":"media/651046","dateModified":"2023-06-02T09:16:00Z","caption":"<em>Acanthiza pusilla</em>, Brown Thornbill. Grampians National Park, Victoria.","creators":["Photographer: Nicole Kearney"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY","licence":{"name":"Attribution 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"}},{"type":"uri","uri":"https://museumsvictoria.com.au/apps/field-guide-app-to-victorian-fauna/","id":"media/900123","dateModified":"2022-12-02T01:07:00Z","caption":"Get the free MV Field Guide to Victorian Fauna app for Apple and Android devices","creators":[],"sources":[],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":null,"licence":{"name":"All Rights Reserved","shortName":"All Rights Reserved","uri":""}}],"taxonomy":{"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Chordata","subphylum":"Vertebrata","superclass":null,"class":"Aves","subclass":null,"superorder":null,"order":"Passeriformes","suborder":null,"infraorder":null,"superfamily":null,"family":"Acanthizidae","subfamily":null,"genus":"Acanthiza","subgenus":null,"species":"pusilla","subspecies":null,"author":null,"code":"ICZN","taxonName":"Acanthiza pusilla","commonName":"Brown Thornbill","otherCommonNames":[]},"id":"species/12387"},{"recordType":"species","licence":{"name":"Attribution 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"dateModified":"2017-05-19T06:21:00Z","displayTitle":"<em>Malacorhynchus membranaceus</em>, Pink-eared Duck","animalType":"Birds","animalSubType":"Water birds","colours":["Brown","White","Pink"],"maximumSize":"","habitats":["Wetland"],"whereToLook":[],"whenActive":[],"nationalParks":null,"diet":"Omnivore","dietCategories":["Invertebrates","Plant matter"],"fastFact":null,"habitat":"Shallow temporary waters including lakes, swamps and wetlands.","distribution":"Mainland Australia and occasionally Tasmania.","biology":"Pink-eared Ducks feed by sucking water in through their bill tip then filtering it out the sides. Comb-like structures (lamellae) along the sides of the bill trap food particles, including tiny invertebrates and microscopic plants. Pairs of ducks feed in shallow waters by vortexing: two ducks swim head-to-tail in a circle, concentrating invertebrates together in a spinning water column. Pink-eared Ducks are highly nomadic in response to rainfall and can form huge flocks that fly great distances to find water. Breeding is dependent on rainfall, occurring throughout the year whenever water conditions are favourable. They use nests constructed by other waterbirds, especially the Black-tailed Native Hen, <em>Gallinula ventralis</em>, and Eurasian Coot, <em>Fulica atra</em>, or build a mound of down in a hollow tree, branch, stump or log typically above water. Both parents care for the chicks. Pink-eared Ducks are rarely seen away from water.","generalDescription":"Small duck, Wings and back brown. Neck, breast, sides and underparts heavily barred (white and dark brown stripes). Head grey, face white with large brown patch around eyes and small pink spot of feathers behind (giving their common name). Bill to tail length up to 45 cm.","briefId":"Duck with zebra-like stripes on the underparts, large spatula-like bill, brown eye patch and a small pink patch behind the eyes.","hazards":null,"endemicity":"Native to Australia","commercial":"No","conservationStatuses":[],"web":null,"plants":[],"flightStart":null,"flightEnd":null,"depths":[],"waterColumnLocations":[],"relatedItemIds":[],"relatedSpecimenIds":[],"relatedArticleIds":[],"relatedSpeciesIds":["species/5790","species/8254"],"authors":[{"firstName":"Amy","lastName":"Adams","fullName":"Dr Amy L. Adams","biography":"Research Assistant at Museums Victoria.","profileImage":null}],"yearWritten":"2016","media":[{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Pink-eared duck swimming.","large":{"width":850,"height":683,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/22/858572-large.jpg","size":86758},"medium":{"width":850,"height":683,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/22/858572-medium.jpg","size":56632},"small":{"width":622,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/22/858572-small.jpg","size":34314},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/22/858572-thumbnail.jpg","size":8575},"id":"media/858572","dateModified":"2016-11-10T02:37:00Z","caption":"Pink-eared Duck, <em>Malacorhynchus membranaceus</em>.","creators":["Photographer: Aviceda"],"sources":["Wikimedia"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Aviceda / CC BY-SA","licence":{"name":"Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY-SA","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"}},{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Six cream and brown ducks standing on branch in water.","large":{"width":1052,"height":1052,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/7/917707-large.jpg","size":216915},"medium":{"width":1052,"height":1052,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/7/917707-medium.jpg","size":152582},"small":{"width":500,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/7/917707-small.jpg","size":43195},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/7/917707-thumbnail.jpg","size":11909},"id":"media/917707","dateModified":"2023-05-26T09:17:00Z","caption":"<em>Malacorhynchus membranaceus</em>, Pink-eared Ducks. Western Treatment Plant, Werribee, Victoria.","creators":["Photographer: David Paul"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY-NC","licence":{"name":"Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY-NC","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"}},{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Brown duck coming in to land on water near other ducks.","large":{"width":3000,"height":1942,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/21/824321-large.jpg","size":549168},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":971,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/21/824321-medium.jpg","size":61985},"small":{"width":772,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/21/824321-small.jpg","size":22902},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/21/824321-thumbnail.jpg","size":4632},"id":"media/824321","dateModified":"2023-06-03T01:32:00Z","caption":"<em>Malacorhynchus membranaceus</em>, Pink-eared Duck. 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Howitt and the well-known lungfish genera <em>Dipterus</em>. Species name after Donna Long.","habitat":"High latitude, freshwater lake system. Warm to temperate climate.","distribution":"Shale outcrop from the base of Mt. Howitt, Victoria.","biology":"<em>Howidipterus donnae</em> is thought to have eaten lycophytous and psilophytous plants by grinding them with crushing tooth plates. The presence of cranial ribs in the Mt. Howitt dipnoans is indicative of air gulping, a possibly advantageous adaptation during times of poor water quality.","generalDescription":"<em>Howidipterus</em> is distinct from other lungfishes with crushing tooth plates and D bones by possessing unusual tooth plate morphology, a lack of cosmine (a covering of dentine and enamel) from the body and scales, and unique skull bone proportions.","briefId":"Fossil of an extinct prehistoric lungfish.","hazards":null,"endemicity":null,"commercial":null,"conservationStatuses":[],"web":null,"plants":[],"flightStart":null,"flightEnd":null,"depths":[],"waterColumnLocations":[],"relatedItemIds":[],"relatedSpecimenIds":["specimens/1774080","specimens/1774081","specimens/1063652","specimens/1063715","specimens/1063702"],"relatedArticleIds":[],"relatedSpeciesIds":[],"authors":[{"firstName":"Timothy","lastName":"Holland","fullName":"Dr Timothy M. Holland","biography":"Research Associate and PhD student in Vertebrate Palaeontology at Museums Victoria until 2012.","profileImage":null}],"yearWritten":"2012","media":[{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Fossil fish specimen.","large":{"width":3000,"height":1980,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/26/680726-large.jpg","size":1052307},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":990,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/26/680726-medium.jpg","size":223118},"small":{"width":758,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/26/680726-small.jpg","size":56478},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/26/680726-thumbnail.jpg","size":9458},"id":"media/680726","dateModified":"2023-05-24T13:07:00Z","caption":"<em>Howidipterus donnae</em>, fossil fish specimen.  Holotype.  Registration no. P 181884.","creators":["Photographer: Timothy Holland"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY","licence":{"name":"Attribution 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"}},{"type":"uri","uri":"https://museumsvictoria.com.au/apps/field-guide-app-to-victorian-fauna/","id":"media/900123","dateModified":"2022-12-02T01:07:00Z","caption":"Get the free MV Field Guide to Victorian Fauna app for Apple and Android devices","creators":[],"sources":[],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":null,"licence":{"name":"All Rights Reserved","shortName":"All Rights Reserved","uri":""}}],"taxonomy":{"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Chordata","subphylum":"Vertebrata","superclass":"Osteichthyes","class":"Sarcopterygii","subclass":null,"superorder":null,"order":"Dipnoi","suborder":null,"infraorder":null,"superfamily":null,"family":"Dipteridae","subfamily":null,"genus":"Howidipterus","subgenus":null,"species":"donnae","subspecies":null,"author":"Long, 1992","code":"ICZN","taxonName":"Howidipterus donnae","commonName":"Lungfish","otherCommonNames":[]},"id":"species/11114"},{"recordType":"species","licence":{"name":"Attribution 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"dateModified":"2017-02-06T08:28:00Z","displayTitle":"<em>Allocharopa tarravillensis</em> (Gabriel, 1930), pinwheel snail","animalType":"Slugs & snails","animalSubType":"Snails","colours":["light brown"],"maximumSize":"3 mm","habitats":["Wet schlerophyll forest"],"whereToLook":["Terrestrial"],"whenActive":[],"nationalParks":null,"diet":"Herbivore","dietCategories":["Plant matter"],"fastFact":null,"habitat":"In litter and under decaying logs in damp situations.","distribution":"Eastern Victoria, South Gippsland area.","biology":"This species is thought to feed on decaying vegetable matter, fungi and biofilm on hard surfaces.","generalDescription":"Shell small, 2-3 mm of four to five whorls (turns) with flat spire, rounded final whorl and obvious ribs radiating out from axis. The space within the middle of the whorls of the shell (the umbilicus) is medium sized. The shell opening (aperture) is a rounded crescent shape. Shell brown with body darker brown, appearing very narrow in comparison with shell.","briefId":"A tiny narrow-bodied snail with a light brown flattened shell with radiating ribs.","hazards":null,"endemicity":"Native to Australia","commercial":null,"conservationStatuses":["CITES: Not listed","DSE Advisory List: Not listed","EPBC Act 1999: Not listed","IUCN Red List: Near Threatened"],"web":null,"plants":[],"flightStart":null,"flightEnd":null,"depths":[],"waterColumnLocations":[],"relatedItemIds":[],"relatedSpecimenIds":[],"relatedArticleIds":["articles/14374"],"relatedSpeciesIds":[],"authors":[{"firstName":"Chris","lastName":"Rowley","fullName":"Chris Rowley","biography":"Collection Manager of Marine Invertebrates at Museums Victoria.","profileImage":{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Chris Rowley in wet collection store.","large":{"width":500,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/12/824512-large.jpg","size":92145},"medium":{"width":500,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/12/824512-medium.jpg","size":64816},"small":{"width":500,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/12/824512-small.jpg","size":64816},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/12/824512-thumbnail.jpg","size":18421},"id":"media/824512","dateModified":"2016-11-10T04:39:00Z","caption":"Chris Rowley, Collection Manager of Invertebrates.","creators":["Unknown photographer"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / All Rights Reserved","licence":{"name":"All Rights Reserved","shortName":"All Rights Reserved","uri":""}}}],"yearWritten":"2016","media":[{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Small brown snail on brown leaf.","large":{"width":3000,"height":2000,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/14/873214-large.jpg","size":379629},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":1000,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/14/873214-medium.jpg","size":88307},"small":{"width":750,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/14/873214-small.jpg","size":32491},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/14/873214-thumbnail.jpg","size":6586},"id":"media/873214","dateModified":"2016-11-10T04:13:00Z","caption":"Pinwheel Snail, <em>Allocharopa tarravillensis</em>. Lakes Entrance, Gippsland, Victoria.","creators":["Photographer: Adnan Moussalli"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY","licence":{"name":"Attribution 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"}},{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Small brown snail on brown leaf.","large":{"width":3000,"height":2000,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/13/873213-large.jpg","size":483478},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":1000,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/13/873213-medium.jpg","size":116873},"small":{"width":750,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/13/873213-small.jpg","size":41930},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/13/873213-thumbnail.jpg","size":7889},"id":"media/873213","dateModified":"2016-11-10T04:13:00Z","caption":"Pinwheel Snail, <em>Allocharopa tarravillensis</em>. 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Eastern mainland Australia and Tasmania.","biology":"These stoneflies emerge in autumn and spring. Eggs are laid on the surface of the water and then fall to the bottom.","generalDescription":"Body long and narrow with wings and tails (cerci) on the tip of the abdomen. Legs long and narrow. Two antennae. Up to 2 cm long.","briefId":"Wings, two tails at tip of abdomen, long narrow body.","hazards":null,"endemicity":"Recorded in Australia","commercial":null,"conservationStatuses":[],"web":null,"plants":[],"flightStart":null,"flightEnd":null,"depths":[],"waterColumnLocations":[],"relatedItemIds":[],"relatedSpecimenIds":[],"relatedArticleIds":["articles/14374"],"relatedSpeciesIds":[],"authors":[{"firstName":null,"lastName":null,"fullName":"Museums Victoria Staff","biography":null,"profileImage":null}],"yearWritten":"2010","media":[{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Stonefly on rock.","large":{"width":3000,"height":2002,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/17/1218017-large.jpg","size":820530},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":1001,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/17/1218017-medium.jpg","size":188483},"small":{"width":749,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/17/1218017-small.jpg","size":62218},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/17/1218017-thumbnail.jpg","size":9656},"id":"media/1218017","dateModified":"2023-05-28T06:54:00Z","caption":"Family Gripopterygidae, stonefly. 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Great Otway National Park, Victoria. Reg. no. PLE28","creators":["Photographer: Julian Finn"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY-NC","licence":{"name":"Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY-NC","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"}},{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Stonefly on rock.","large":{"width":3000,"height":2002,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/19/1219169-large.jpg","size":751894},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":1001,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/19/1219169-medium.jpg","size":159849},"small":{"width":749,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/19/1219169-small.jpg","size":52589},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/19/1219169-thumbnail.jpg","size":9506},"id":"media/1219169","dateModified":"2023-05-28T07:12:00Z","caption":"<em>Dinotoperla hirsuta</em>, Stonefly, male. Great Otway National Park, Victoria. Reg. no. PLE25","creators":["Photographer: Julian Finn"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY-NC","licence":{"name":"Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY-NC","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"}},{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Stonefly on leaf and moss,","large":{"width":3000,"height":2002,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/46/1218046-large.jpg","size":944387},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":1001,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/46/1218046-medium.jpg","size":223439},"small":{"width":749,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/46/1218046-small.jpg","size":73253},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/46/1218046-thumbnail.jpg","size":12357},"id":"media/1218046","dateModified":"2023-05-28T06:49:00Z","caption":"Family Gripopterygidae, stonefly. 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Mitchell River National Park, Gippsland, Victoria.","creators":["Photographer: Adnan Moussalli"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY","licence":{"name":"Attribution 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"}},{"type":"uri","uri":"https://museumsvictoria.com.au/apps/field-guide-app-to-victorian-fauna/","id":"media/900123","dateModified":"2022-12-02T01:07:00Z","caption":"Get the free MV Field Guide to Victorian Fauna app for Apple and Android devices","creators":[],"sources":[],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":null,"licence":{"name":"All Rights Reserved","shortName":"All Rights Reserved","uri":""}}],"taxonomy":{"kingdom":null,"phylum":"Mollusca","subphylum":"Conchifera","superclass":null,"class":"Gastropoda","subclass":"Pulmonata","superorder":null,"order":"Eupulmonata","suborder":"Stylommatophora","infraorder":"Sigmurethra","superfamily":"Cameanoidea","family":"Camaenidae","subfamily":null,"genus":"Austrochloritis","subgenus":null,"species":null,"subspecies":null,"author":"Pilsbry, 1890","code":"ICZN","taxonName":"Austrochloritis","commonName":"bristle snail","otherCommonNames":["land snail"]},"id":"species/10530"},{"recordType":"species","licence":{"name":"Attribution 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"dateModified":"2022-04-20T06:20:00Z","displayTitle":"<em>Strepera versicolor</em>, Grey Currawong","animalType":"Birds","animalSubType":"Magpies, currawongs & butcherbirds","colours":["Black","Grey","Brown","White","Yellow"],"maximumSize":"52 cm","habitats":["Coastal shores","Forest","Woodland","Coastal shrub","Mallee","Farmland"],"whereToLook":[],"whenActive":[],"nationalParks":null,"diet":"Omnivore","dietCategories":["Insects","Lizards","Mammals","Birds","Fruit"],"fastFact":null,"habitat":"Wide range of habitats, including eucalypt woodlands, mallee, shrublands, farmland and orchards.","distribution":"Southern Australia.","biology":"Grey Currawong are usually seen singly or in small groups. When standing on the ground, it stands proudly, very erect, with head and bill held high. It eats insects, small lizards and rodents and other small birds, as well as fruit. It forages opportunistically in groups, mainly on the ground, trunks or branches, but also in trees and shrubs. Can be confused with other currawongs but only Grey Currawongs are found in most of South Australia apart from the far south-east corner, where its distribution overlaps with the Pied Currawong. Two subspecies of the Grey Currawong are found in the lower south-east of South Australia and Kangaroo Island. They are darker and sooty black, while those found in the western parts of the state have white patches on their wings.","generalDescription":"Large and slender crow-like bird. Adults dark grey or sooty black; patch of white under base of tail; tip of tail white; and conspicuous yellow eyes. Juveniles are more brown-grey with pale streaks over their head and body. 52 cm long; wingspan 78 cm.","briefId":"Dark grey or sooty black slender crow-like bird. Yellow eyes. Patch of white under base of tail; tail-tip white.","hazards":null,"endemicity":"Native to Australia","commercial":"No","conservationStatuses":["CITES: Not listed","FFG Threatened List: Not listed","EPBC Act 1999: Not listed","IUCN Red List: Least Concern"],"web":null,"plants":[],"flightStart":null,"flightEnd":null,"depths":[],"waterColumnLocations":[],"relatedItemIds":[],"relatedSpecimenIds":[],"relatedArticleIds":["articles/14374"],"relatedSpeciesIds":[],"authors":[{"firstName":"Alexis","lastName":"Tindall","fullName":"Alexis Tindall","biography":"South Australian Museum","profileImage":null}],"yearWritten":"2014","media":[{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Black bird with head held pointing up standing on branch.","large":{"width":1145,"height":1145,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/10/907560-large.jpg","size":246021},"medium":{"width":1145,"height":1145,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/10/907560-medium.jpg","size":167998},"small":{"width":500,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/10/907560-small.jpg","size":44113},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/10/907560-thumbnail.jpg","size":12972},"id":"media/907560","dateModified":"2023-06-03T04:01:00Z","caption":"<em>Strepera versicolor</em>, Grey Currawong. Lake Condah, Budj Bim Cultural Heritage Lanscape, Victoria.","creators":["Photographer: David Paul"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY-NC","licence":{"name":"Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY-NC","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"}},{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Black bird with yellow eye standing on branch with head held up.","large":{"width":1435,"height":958,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/12/907562-large.jpg","size":264078},"medium":{"width":1435,"height":958,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/12/907562-medium.jpg","size":180868},"small":{"width":749,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/12/907562-small.jpg","size":62805},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/12/907562-thumbnail.jpg","size":11012},"id":"media/907562","dateModified":"2023-06-03T03:34:00Z","caption":"<em>Strepera versicolor</em>, Grey Currawong. Lake Condah, Budj Bim Cultural Heritage Lanscape, Victoria.","creators":["Photographer: David Paul"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY-NC","licence":{"name":"Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY-NC","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"}},{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Black bird with yellow eye standing on branch with head turned to side.","large":{"width":1685,"height":1125,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/6/907556-large.jpg","size":362566},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":1001,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/6/907556-medium.jpg","size":203463},"small":{"width":749,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/6/907556-small.jpg","size":66746},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/6/907556-thumbnail.jpg","size":11245},"id":"media/907556","dateModified":"2023-06-03T03:24:00Z","caption":"<em>Strepera versicolor</em>, Grey Currawong. Lake Condah, Budj Bim Cultural Heritage Lanscape, Victoria.","creators":["Photographer: David Paul"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY-NC","licence":{"name":"Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY-NC","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"}},{"type":"uri","uri":"https://museumsvictoria.com.au/apps/field-guide-app-to-victorian-fauna/","id":"media/900123","dateModified":"2022-12-02T01:07:00Z","caption":"Get the free MV Field Guide to Victorian Fauna app for Apple and Android devices","creators":[],"sources":[],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":null,"licence":{"name":"All Rights Reserved","shortName":"All Rights Reserved","uri":""}}],"taxonomy":{"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Chordata","subphylum":"Vertebrata","superclass":null,"class":"Aves","subclass":null,"superorder":null,"order":"Passeriformes","suborder":null,"infraorder":null,"superfamily":null,"family":"Cracticidae","subfamily":null,"genus":"Strepera","subgenus":null,"species":"versicolor","subspecies":null,"author":null,"code":"ICZN","taxonName":"Strepera versicolor","commonName":"Grey Currawong","otherCommonNames":[]},"id":"species/7374"},{"recordType":"species","licence":{"name":"Attribution 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"dateModified":"2017-02-06T08:20:00Z","displayTitle":"<em>Pheidole</em> Westwood, 1841, big headed ants","animalType":"Ants, bees & wasps","animalSubType":"Ants","colours":["Brown","Orange"],"maximumSize":"","habitats":["Forest","Woodland","Grassland"],"whereToLook":[],"whenActive":[],"nationalParks":null,"diet":"Herbivore","dietCategories":[],"fastFact":null,"habitat":"Nests occur near grasses or other plants.","distribution":"Worldwide, Australia","biology":"Big Headed Ants are primarily seed harvesters. The normal-headed workers gather the seeds while the large-headed ants use their enormous mandibles to crush the seeds.","generalDescription":"Body and head orange-brown. Species of <em>Pheidole</em> are dimorphic, which means the workers of the ant colonies contain two castes: the \"minor\" workers that have a small or \"normal\" head, and the \"major\" workers that have an enormous head and mouthparts (mandibles) in comparison to their usually fairly modest body size. Body length up to 5 mm.","briefId":"Orange-brown ants, some individuals with an enormous head and mouthparts.","hazards":null,"endemicity":"Native to Australia","commercial":"No","conservationStatuses":[],"web":null,"plants":[],"flightStart":null,"flightEnd":null,"depths":[],"waterColumnLocations":[],"relatedItemIds":[],"relatedSpecimenIds":[],"relatedArticleIds":["articles/14374"],"relatedSpeciesIds":[],"authors":[{"firstName":"Ken","lastName":"Walker","fullName":"Dr Ken Walker","biography":"Senior Curator of Entomology at Museums Victoria.","profileImage":{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Dr Ken Walker at microscope.","large":{"width":500,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/36/824686-large.jpg","size":58699},"medium":{"width":500,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/36/824686-medium.jpg","size":39919},"small":{"width":500,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/36/824686-small.jpg","size":39919},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/36/824686-thumbnail.jpg","size":12481},"id":"media/824686","dateModified":"2016-11-10T04:26:00Z","caption":"Dr Ken Walker, Senior Curator of Entomology","creators":["Photographer: Rodney Start"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / All Rights Reserved","licence":{"name":"All Rights Reserved","shortName":"All Rights Reserved","uri":""}}}],"yearWritten":"2016","media":[{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Brown and orange ants on sand.","large":{"width":2097,"height":1399,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/30/875330-large.jpg","size":653816},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":1001,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/30/875330-medium.jpg","size":289829},"small":{"width":749,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/30/875330-small.jpg","size":106254},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/30/875330-thumbnail.jpg","size":20118},"id":"media/875330","dateModified":"2016-11-10T03:07:00Z","caption":"Big headed ants, <em>Pheidole</em> sp. Mitchell River National Park, Gippsland, Victoria.","creators":["Photographer: John Broomfield"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY-NC","licence":{"name":"Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY-NC","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"}},{"type":"uri","uri":"https://museumsvictoria.com.au/apps/field-guide-app-to-victorian-fauna/","id":"media/900123","dateModified":"2022-12-02T01:07:00Z","caption":"Get the free MV Field Guide to Victorian Fauna app for Apple and Android devices","creators":[],"sources":[],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":null,"licence":{"name":"All Rights Reserved","shortName":"All Rights Reserved","uri":""}}],"taxonomy":{"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Arthropoda","subphylum":"Hexapoda","superclass":null,"class":"Insecta","subclass":null,"superorder":null,"order":"Hymenoptera","suborder":null,"infraorder":null,"superfamily":"Vespoidea","family":"Formicidae","subfamily":"Myrmicinae","genus":"Pheidole","subgenus":null,"species":null,"subspecies":null,"author":"Westwood, 1841","code":"ICZN","taxonName":"Pheidole","commonName":"big headed ants","otherCommonNames":[]},"id":"species/15124"},{"recordType":"species","licence":{"name":"Attribution 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"dateModified":"2017-02-06T08:21:00Z","displayTitle":"<em>Blackburniella intricata</em> (Blackburn, 1891), Checkered beetle","animalType":"Beetles & bugs","animalSubType":"Beetles","colours":["Black","White"],"maximumSize":"8 mm","habitats":["Forest","Woodland"],"whereToLook":[],"whenActive":[],"nationalParks":null,"diet":"Omnivore","dietCategories":["Nectar","Pollen"],"fastFact":"The family is known as the checkered beetles becuase of their checkerboard pattern of markings.","habitat":"Forests and woodlands, often found on vegetation including flowers.","distribution":"Victoria and south-western parts of Western Australia.","biology":"Checkered beetles prey on other insects. They are also frequently seen at flowers eating nectar and pollen. The family has a worldwide distribution, and a variety of habitats and feeding preferences.","generalDescription":"Typical-looking beetle with a distinctive head, large pronotum (the plate-like structure that covers the chest area immediately behind the head) and elongate, narrow abdomen. Head and pronotum black. Wing cases (elytra) black with white patches at the end and a white stripe running crossways about midway down. Body length up to 8 mm.","briefId":"Beetle with white stripe halfway down the body.","hazards":null,"endemicity":"Native to Australia","commercial":"No","conservationStatuses":[],"web":null,"plants":[],"flightStart":null,"flightEnd":null,"depths":[],"waterColumnLocations":[],"relatedItemIds":[],"relatedSpecimenIds":[],"relatedArticleIds":["articles/14374"],"relatedSpeciesIds":[],"authors":[{"firstName":"Ken","lastName":"Walker","fullName":"Dr Ken Walker","biography":"Senior Curator of Entomology at Museums Victoria.","profileImage":{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Dr Ken Walker at microscope.","large":{"width":500,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/36/824686-large.jpg","size":58699},"medium":{"width":500,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/36/824686-medium.jpg","size":39919},"small":{"width":500,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/36/824686-small.jpg","size":39919},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/36/824686-thumbnail.jpg","size":12481},"id":"media/824686","dateModified":"2016-11-10T04:26:00Z","caption":"Dr Ken Walker, Senior Curator of Entomology","creators":["Photographer: Rodney Start"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / All Rights Reserved","licence":{"name":"All Rights Reserved","shortName":"All Rights Reserved","uri":""}}}],"yearWritten":"2016","media":[{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Black and red beetle on plant stem.","large":{"width":1652,"height":1101,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/42/875342-large.jpg","size":342273},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":1000,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/42/875342-medium.jpg","size":204361},"small":{"width":750,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/42/875342-small.jpg","size":73237},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/42/875342-thumbnail.jpg","size":16241},"id":"media/875342","dateModified":"2016-11-10T03:07:00Z","caption":"Checkered beetle, <em>Blackburniella intricata</em>. Dutson Downs, Gippsland, Victoria.","creators":["Photographer: Rodney Start"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY-NC","licence":{"name":"Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY-NC","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"}},{"type":"uri","uri":"https://museumsvictoria.com.au/apps/field-guide-app-to-victorian-fauna/","id":"media/900123","dateModified":"2022-12-02T01:07:00Z","caption":"Get the free MV Field Guide to Victorian Fauna app for Apple and Android devices","creators":[],"sources":[],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":null,"licence":{"name":"All Rights Reserved","shortName":"All Rights Reserved","uri":""}}],"taxonomy":{"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Arthropoda","subphylum":"Hexapoda","superclass":null,"class":"Insecta","subclass":null,"superorder":null,"order":"Coleoptera","suborder":null,"infraorder":null,"superfamily":null,"family":"Cleridae","subfamily":null,"genus":"Blackburniella","subgenus":null,"species":"intricata","subspecies":null,"author":"(Blackburn, 1891)","code":"ICZN","taxonName":"Blackburniella intricata","commonName":"Checkered beetle","otherCommonNames":[]},"id":"species/15126"},{"recordType":"species","licence":{"name":"Attribution 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"dateModified":"2017-08-23T23:41:00Z","displayTitle":"<em>Velesunio</em>, Freshwater Mussels","animalType":"Other freshwater invertebrates","animalSubType":"Snails & shells","colours":["Brown","Black"],"maximumSize":"10 cm","habitats":["Freshwater","Rivers"],"whereToLook":[],"whenActive":[],"nationalParks":null,"diet":"Organic matter","dietCategories":["Plankton"],"fastFact":null,"habitat":"Rivers and streams. Burrows in soft sediment, often at the edges of the water.","distribution":"In rivers of Victoria and southern New South Wales.","biology":"Freshwater mussels are filter feeders and live burrowed into the sediment so that only part of their shell remains visible. Water is drawn via siphons into the gills where oxygen is extracted and food particles are filtered out. Newly released eggs hatch into a larval stage that is parasitic on freshwater fishes. This stage gets carried by its fish host and eventually detaches to change into the typical shell form that settles in the river bed.","generalDescription":"Shells longer than they are tall and are quite deep bodied. All possess the dark horny outer layer on the shell and are distinguished on slight differences in their shell shape, muscle attachments and gills. The shell ranges in size from 3.5-9 cm.","briefId":"A freshwater mussel with an elongated two part shell and a dark brown to black horny layer on the outside, sometimes scraped off near the hinge of the shell.","hazards":null,"endemicity":"Native to Australia","commercial":"No","conservationStatuses":[],"web":null,"plants":[],"flightStart":null,"flightEnd":null,"depths":[],"waterColumnLocations":[],"relatedItemIds":[],"relatedSpecimenIds":[],"relatedArticleIds":["articles/14374"],"relatedSpeciesIds":[],"authors":[{"firstName":null,"lastName":null,"fullName":"Dr Richard Marchant & Georgia Knight / Museums Victoria","biography":null,"profileImage":null}],"yearWritten":"2017","media":[{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Two brown mussels on rock beside water.","large":{"width":3000,"height":2000,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/20/897320-large.jpg","size":1014608},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":1000,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/20/897320-medium.jpg","size":246399},"small":{"width":750,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/20/897320-small.jpg","size":80676},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/20/897320-thumbnail.jpg","size":11268},"id":"media/897320","dateModified":"2023-06-13T15:28:00Z","caption":"Freshwater Mussel, <em>Velesunio</em> sp. (likely <em>V. ambiguus</em>). Forest Gallery, Melbourne Museum.","creators":["Photographer: Jon Augier"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY-NC","licence":{"name":"Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY-NC","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"}},{"type":"image","alternativeText":"White mussel shell in mud.","large":{"width":3000,"height":2000,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/42/649892-large.jpg","size":1325940},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":1000,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/42/649892-medium.jpg","size":301343},"small":{"width":750,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/42/649892-small.jpg","size":96883},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/42/649892-thumbnail.jpg","size":14051},"id":"media/649892","dateModified":"2023-06-02T08:29:00Z","caption":"Freshwater mussel, <em>Velesunio</em> sp. Grampians National Park, Victoria.","creators":["Photographer: Mark Norman"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY","licence":{"name":"Attribution 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"}},{"type":"uri","uri":"https://museumsvictoria.com.au/apps/field-guide-app-to-victorian-fauna/","id":"media/900123","dateModified":"2022-12-02T01:07:00Z","caption":"Get the free MV Field Guide to Victorian Fauna app for Apple and Android devices","creators":[],"sources":[],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":null,"licence":{"name":"All Rights Reserved","shortName":"All Rights Reserved","uri":""}}],"taxonomy":{"kingdom":null,"phylum":"Mollusca","subphylum":"Conchifera","superclass":null,"class":"Bivalvia","subclass":null,"superorder":null,"order":null,"suborder":null,"infraorder":null,"superfamily":null,"family":"Hyriidae","subfamily":null,"genus":"Velesunio","subgenus":null,"species":null,"subspecies":null,"author":null,"code":"ICZN","taxonName":"Velesunio","commonName":"Freshwater Mussels","otherCommonNames":[]},"id":"species/12376"},{"recordType":"species","licence":{"name":"Attribution 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"dateModified":"2017-02-06T08:27:00Z","displayTitle":"Diplopoda, Millipedes","animalType":"Other terrestrial invertebrates","animalSubType":"Millipedes","colours":["Black","Cream","Brown"],"maximumSize":"","habitats":["Forest","Woodland","Grassland"],"whereToLook":[],"whenActive":[],"nationalParks":null,"diet":"Herbivore","dietCategories":[],"fastFact":null,"habitat":"Often found underneath stones or rotting logs.","distribution":"Found globally including across Australia.","biology":"Millipedes are a conspicuous part of the ground-fauna invertebrates. They are vegetarian, feeding on decomposing leaf litter.","generalDescription":"Millipedes can be easily told apart from centipedes by the number of legs per body segment. Millipedes have two pairs of legs per segment whereas centipedes have only one pair of legs per segment.","briefId":"Long invertebrates with two pairs of legs per body segment.","hazards":null,"endemicity":null,"commercial":null,"conservationStatuses":[],"web":null,"plants":[],"flightStart":null,"flightEnd":null,"depths":[],"waterColumnLocations":[],"relatedItemIds":[],"relatedSpecimenIds":[],"relatedArticleIds":["articles/14374"],"relatedSpeciesIds":[],"authors":[{"firstName":"Ken","lastName":"Walker","fullName":"Dr Ken Walker","biography":"Senior Curator of Entomology at Museums Victoria.","profileImage":{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Dr Ken Walker at microscope.","large":{"width":500,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/36/824686-large.jpg","size":58699},"medium":{"width":500,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/36/824686-medium.jpg","size":39919},"small":{"width":500,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/36/824686-small.jpg","size":39919},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/36/824686-thumbnail.jpg","size":12481},"id":"media/824686","dateModified":"2016-11-10T04:26:00Z","caption":"Dr Ken Walker, Senior Curator of Entomology","creators":["Photographer: Rodney Start"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / All Rights Reserved","licence":{"name":"All Rights Reserved","shortName":"All Rights Reserved","uri":""}}}],"yearWritten":"2016","media":[{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Orange and black and black millipede on soil","large":{"width":2500,"height":1667,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/2/875352-large.jpg","size":786541},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":1000,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/2/875352-medium.jpg","size":270334},"small":{"width":750,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/2/875352-small.jpg","size":105538},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/2/875352-thumbnail.jpg","size":21589},"id":"media/875352","dateModified":"2016-11-10T03:07:00Z","caption":"Millipedes, Diploda. Paradise Beach, Gippsland, Victoria.","creators":["Photographer: Rodney Start"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY-NC","licence":{"name":"Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY-NC","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"}},{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Black millipede on bark.","large":{"width":2500,"height":1667,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/3/875353-large.jpg","size":1234568},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":1000,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/3/875353-medium.jpg","size":369984},"small":{"width":750,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/3/875353-small.jpg","size":119759},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/3/875353-thumbnail.jpg","size":17488},"id":"media/875353","dateModified":"2016-11-10T03:07:00Z","caption":"Millipede, Diploda. Paradise Beach, Gippsland, Victoria.","creators":["Photographer: Patrick Honan"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY-NC","licence":{"name":"Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY-NC","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"}},{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Black millipede on rock.","large":{"width":2500,"height":1667,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/4/875354-large.jpg","size":1413704},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":1000,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/4/875354-medium.jpg","size":445379},"small":{"width":750,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/4/875354-small.jpg","size":139813},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/4/875354-thumbnail.jpg","size":18629},"id":"media/875354","dateModified":"2016-11-10T03:07:00Z","caption":"Portuguese Millipede, <em>Ommatoiulus moreletti</em>. Stratford, Gippsland, Victoria.","creators":["Photographer: Patrick Honan"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY-NC","licence":{"name":"Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY-NC","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"}},{"type":"uri","uri":"https://museumsvictoria.com.au/apps/field-guide-app-to-victorian-fauna/","id":"media/900123","dateModified":"2022-12-02T01:07:00Z","caption":"Get the free MV Field Guide to Victorian Fauna app for Apple and Android devices","creators":[],"sources":[],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":null,"licence":{"name":"All Rights Reserved","shortName":"All Rights Reserved","uri":""}}],"taxonomy":{"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Arthropoda","subphylum":"Uniramia","superclass":null,"class":"Diplopoda","subclass":null,"superorder":null,"order":null,"suborder":null,"infraorder":null,"superfamily":null,"family":null,"subfamily":null,"genus":null,"subgenus":null,"species":null,"subspecies":null,"author":null,"code":"ICZN","taxonName":"Diplopoda","commonName":"Millipedes","otherCommonNames":[]},"id":"species/15150"},{"recordType":"species","licence":{"name":"Attribution 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"dateModified":"2017-11-14T03:56:00Z","displayTitle":"<em>Tremoctopus gracilis</em> (Eydoux, F J; Souleyet, L F, 1852), Blanket Octopus","animalType":"Octopuses & nudibranchs","animalSubType":"Octopuses","colours":["Red","Silver"],"maximumSize":"1 m","habitats":["Open water"],"whereToLook":[],"whenActive":[],"nationalParks":null,"diet":"Carnivore","dietCategories":["Fish","Cephalopods","Worms"],"fastFact":null,"habitat":"Surface waters of open-ocean. May be encountered in shallow coastal waters or stranded on the beach.","distribution":"Indian and Pacific Oceans. Western and Eastern Australia, occasionally carried by currents as far south as Tasmania.","biology":"Female tremoctopods are most frequently encountered swimming just below the water surface in the open ocean. When swimming, the female can trail her expansive dorsal webs. These webs are divided into sequential components, which can be autotomized (spontaneously cast off) as long free strips, potentially acting to distract approaching predators. \n\nMales and small females (smaller than 70 mm) usually carry fragments of nematocyst-bearing tentacles of the siphonophore <em>Physalia</em> (Blue-bottle or Portuguese Man-of-War). The fragments are held on the first two pairs of arms, in two rows that correspond to the two rows of suckers. It is not known whether the <em>Physalia</em> tentacle fragments are used to aid in food capture, defence or both. \n\nMating in tremoctopods is very unusual. When a tiny male encounters a female, he ruptures a pouch containing a special reproductive arm. He loads this arm with sperm, detaches it and passes it to the female. Once the arm is shed, it is believed that the male dies. The detached arm crawls into the gill cavity of the female where it attaches to her gills and is stored until it is required for fertilisation. Females brood eggs within their arm crown and webs. The eggs are attached as strings to a secreted, mineralized rod. The female may carry egg strings representing up to five different developmental stages at a time, indicating prolonged spawning and high fecundity. \n\nThe stomach contents of a stranded female was found to contain fish scales, cephalopod flesh, algae and polychaete jaws. The remains of tremoctopods have been recovered from the stomachs of a range of predators including fishes, marine mammals and birds.","generalDescription":"The males and females of this free-swimming octopus look very different. The female can grow to a very large size and has expanded webs (or 'blankets') that unite her dorsal arms. When swimming, she can unfurl and trail these expansive webs, giving her an apparent total length of up to 2 m. The female has a round body and eight arms, the two dorsal arm pairs being the longest. Each arm has two rows of suckers. The male is much smaller than the female, never growing larger than a few centimetres. He has a rounded body and large eyes. He has eight arms, each with two rows of suckers. The third right arm is much longer and highly modified. It develops in a pouch between the funnel and right eye. Both males and females have two pairs of cephalic water pores, one pair located on the dorsal surface of the head and the second pair located ventrally adjacent to the funnel opening. Female mantle length to 32 cm, total length to approximately 1 m. Male mantle length to 16 mm.","briefId":"Red and silver octopus. Eight arms, females with expanded dorsal webs, males tiny.","hazards":"Potential to bite, especially if handled. Venom status unknown.","endemicity":"Native to Australia","commercial":"No","conservationStatuses":[],"web":null,"plants":[],"flightStart":null,"flightEnd":null,"depths":["Shallow (1-30 m)","Deep ( > 30 m)"],"waterColumnLocations":["Surface","Midwater"],"relatedItemIds":[],"relatedSpecimenIds":[],"relatedArticleIds":["articles/14374"],"relatedSpeciesIds":["species/8683"],"authors":[{"firstName":"Julian","lastName":"Finn","fullName":"Dr Julian K Finn","biography":"Senior Curator of Marine Invertebrates at Museums Victoria.","profileImage":{"type":"image","alternativeText":"SCUBA diver underwater holding camera gear.","large":{"width":208,"height":208,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/29/517779-large.jpg","size":18593},"medium":{"width":208,"height":208,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/29/517779-medium.jpg","size":14111},"small":{"width":500,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/29/517779-small.jpg","size":39638},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/29/517779-thumbnail.jpg","size":15615},"id":"media/517779","dateModified":"2016-11-10T03:22:00Z","caption":"Julian Finn thumbnail for webuse","creators":["Unknown photographer"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY","licence":{"name":"Attribution 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"}}}],"yearWritten":"2017","media":[{"type":"image","alternativeText":null,"large":{"width":3000,"height":1995,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/12/1039962-large.jpg","size":1132056},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":997,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/12/1039962-medium.jpg","size":199707},"small":{"width":752,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/12/1039962-small.jpg","size":48830},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/12/1039962-thumbnail.jpg","size":7263},"id":"media/1039962","dateModified":"2023-05-27T07:42:00Z","caption":"Indo-Pacific Violet Blanket Octopus, <em>Tremoctopus gracilis</em>, female. Sea of Japan off the Shimane Peninsula.","creators":["Photographer: Julian Finn"],"sources":["Private Collection"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Julian Finn / All Rights Reserved","licence":{"name":"All Rights Reserved","shortName":"All Rights Reserved","uri":""}},{"type":"image","alternativeText":null,"large":{"width":3000,"height":1995,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/14/1039964-large.jpg","size":887252},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":997,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/14/1039964-medium.jpg","size":96965},"small":{"width":752,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/14/1039964-small.jpg","size":29818},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/14/1039964-thumbnail.jpg","size":5613},"id":"media/1039964","dateModified":"2023-05-27T07:42:00Z","caption":"Indo-Pacific Violet Blanket Octopus, <em>Tremoctopus gracilis</em>, female. Sea of Japan off the Shimane Peninsula.","creators":["Photographer: Julian Finn"],"sources":["Private Collection"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Julian Finn / All Rights Reserved","licence":{"name":"All Rights Reserved","shortName":"All Rights Reserved","uri":""}},{"type":"image","alternativeText":null,"large":{"width":2816,"height":1742,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/16/1039966-large.jpg","size":567223},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":928,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/16/1039966-medium.jpg","size":73746},"small":{"width":808,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/16/1039966-small.jpg","size":20480},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/16/1039966-thumbnail.jpg","size":4325},"id":"media/1039966","dateModified":"2023-05-27T07:46:00Z","caption":"Indo-Pacific Violet Blanket Octopus, <em>Tremoctopus gracilis</em>, female. Sea of Japan off the Shimane Peninsula.","creators":["Photographer: Julian Finn"],"sources":["Private Collection"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Julian Finn / All Rights Reserved","licence":{"name":"All Rights Reserved","shortName":"All Rights Reserved","uri":""}},{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Pink-white octopus on black background.","large":{"width":3000,"height":2000,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/24/310674-large.jpg","size":293356},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":1000,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/24/310674-medium.jpg","size":72259},"small":{"width":750,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/24/310674-small.jpg","size":24373},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/24/310674-thumbnail.jpg","size":5335},"id":"media/310674","dateModified":"2023-06-15T04:43:00Z","caption":"Blanket Octopus, <em>Tremoctopus</em> sp., male, with jellyfish tentacles.","creators":["Photographer: David Paul"],"sources":[],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright David Paul / All Rights Reserved","licence":{"name":"All Rights Reserved","shortName":"All Rights Reserved","uri":""}},{"type":"uri","uri":"https://museumsvictoria.com.au/apps/field-guide-app-to-victorian-fauna/","id":"media/900123","dateModified":"2022-12-02T01:07:00Z","caption":"Get the free MV Field Guide to Victorian Fauna app for Apple and Android devices","creators":[],"sources":[],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":null,"licence":{"name":"All Rights Reserved","shortName":"All Rights Reserved","uri":""}}],"taxonomy":{"kingdom":null,"phylum":"Mollusca","subphylum":null,"superclass":null,"class":"Cephalopoda","subclass":"Coleoidea","superorder":null,"order":"Octopoda","suborder":"Incirrata","infraorder":null,"superfamily":null,"family":"Tremoctopodidae","subfamily":null,"genus":"Tremoctopus","subgenus":null,"species":"gracilis","subspecies":null,"author":"(Eydoux, F J; Souleyet, L F, 1852)","code":"ICZN","taxonName":"Tremoctopus gracilis","commonName":"Blanket Octopus","otherCommonNames":[]},"id":"species/16366"},{"recordType":"species","licence":{"name":"Attribution 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"dateModified":"2018-04-05T00:03:00Z","displayTitle":"<em>Dendrilla rosea</em> Lendenfeld, 1883","animalType":"Sponges","animalSubType":"Demosponges","colours":[],"maximumSize":"30 cm","habitats":["Sponge gardens","Reefs"],"whereToLook":[],"whenActive":[],"nationalParks":null,"diet":"Plankton or particles","dietCategories":[],"fastFact":null,"habitat":"Reef and jetty areas, at depths of 0-600 m.","distribution":"New Zealand. Port Phillip and coastal Victoria.","biology":"These sponges will sometimes grow on scallop shells. This species was previously called </em>Aplysilla rosea</em> which occurs around the world. In 2018 those from New Zealand and Australia were recognised as <em>Dendrilla rosea</em>.","generalDescription":"A pink sponge species with encrusting form. Size of about 30 cm.","briefId":"Pink sponge that encrusts surfaces","hazards":null,"endemicity":"Recorded in Australia","commercial":"No","conservationStatuses":["DSE Advisory List: Not listed","EPBC Act 1999: Not listed","IUCN Red List: Not listed"],"web":null,"plants":[],"flightStart":null,"flightEnd":null,"depths":["Shore (0-1 m)","Shallow (1-30 m)","Deep ( > 30 m)"],"waterColumnLocations":["On or near seafloor"],"relatedItemIds":[],"relatedSpecimenIds":[],"relatedArticleIds":["articles/14374"],"relatedSpeciesIds":[],"authors":[{"firstName":"Lisa","lastName":"Goudie","fullName":"Lisa Goudie","biography":"Consultant with expertise in sponge taxonomy.","profileImage":{"type":"image","alternativeText":null,"large":{"width":500,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/49/505849-large.jpg","size":62178},"medium":{"width":500,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/49/505849-medium.jpg","size":42478},"small":{"width":500,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/49/505849-small.jpg","size":42478},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/49/505849-thumbnail.jpg","size":12272},"id":"media/505849","dateModified":"2016-11-10T03:22:00Z","caption":"Callyspongia sp1 : Profiera : Sponges - Sciences Collections Online - Square Copy","creators":["Photographer: Julian Finn"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY","licence":{"name":"Attribution 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"}}}],"yearWritten":"2011","media":[{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Pink nudibranch feeding on darker pink sponge.","large":{"width":3000,"height":1995,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/42/561192-large.jpg","size":988862},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":997,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/42/561192-medium.jpg","size":212064},"small":{"width":752,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/42/561192-small.jpg","size":72732},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/42/561192-thumbnail.jpg","size":11310},"id":"media/561192","dateModified":"2023-06-15T05:20:00Z","caption":"Sponge, <em>Dendrilla rosea</em> being fed on by a nudibranch. Portsea, Port Phillip, Victoria.","creators":["Photographer: Julian Finn"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Julian Finn / CC BY-NC","licence":{"name":"Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY-NC","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"}},{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Surface of pink sponge.","large":{"width":2000,"height":1330,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/42/505842-large.jpg","size":369085},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":998,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/42/505842-medium.jpg","size":147708},"small":{"width":752,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/42/505842-small.jpg","size":46530},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/42/505842-thumbnail.jpg","size":7962},"id":"media/505842","dateModified":"2018-04-04T23:57:00Z","caption":"Sponge, <em>Dendrilla rosea</em>, close up of colony.","creators":["Photographer: Mark Norman"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY","licence":{"name":"Attribution 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"}},{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Pink sponge growing over reef surface.","large":{"width":2000,"height":1330,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/43/505843-large.jpg","size":609307},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":998,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/43/505843-medium.jpg","size":283385},"small":{"width":752,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/43/505843-small.jpg","size":96965},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/43/505843-thumbnail.jpg","size":14403},"id":"media/505843","dateModified":"2018-04-04T23:58:00Z","caption":"Sponge, <em>Dendrilla rosea</em>.","creators":["Photographer: Mark Norman"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY","licence":{"name":"Attribution 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"}},{"type":"uri","uri":"https://museumsvictoria.com.au/apps/field-guide-app-to-victorian-fauna/","id":"media/900123","dateModified":"2022-12-02T01:07:00Z","caption":"Get the free MV Field Guide to Victorian Fauna app for Apple and Android devices","creators":[],"sources":[],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":null,"licence":{"name":"All Rights Reserved","shortName":"All Rights Reserved","uri":""}}],"taxonomy":{"kingdom":null,"phylum":"Porifera","subphylum":null,"superclass":null,"class":"Demospongiae","subclass":null,"superorder":null,"order":null,"suborder":null,"infraorder":null,"superfamily":null,"family":"Darwinellidae","subfamily":null,"genus":"Dendrilla","subgenus":null,"species":"rosea","subspecies":null,"author":"Lendenfeld, 1883","code":"ICZN","taxonName":"Dendrilla rosea","commonName":null,"otherCommonNames":[]},"id":"species/15197"},{"recordType":"species","licence":{"name":"Attribution 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"dateModified":"2022-04-28T06:58:00Z","displayTitle":"<em>Lepas</em>, Goose Barnacle","animalType":"Crustaceans","animalSubType":"Barnacles","colours":["White"],"maximumSize":"","habitats":["Open water"],"whereToLook":[],"whenActive":[],"nationalParks":null,"diet":"Plankton or Particles","dietCategories":[],"fastFact":null,"habitat":"Open ocean, attached to floating debris, such as wood. Sometimes found washed up on beaches.","distribution":"Worldwide. Southern Australia.","biology":"Goose Barnacles form dense populations attached to floating object such as oceanic drift wood. Colonies of multiple barnacles can wash ashore, still attached to their floating home. The stranded colony may survive a short time on the beach during which time their specialised feathery feeding legs (cirri) can be seen moving, but they will not last long in this environment. The species differ in the shape of the side plates: some have triangular plates, others have rounded or longer plates. They only survive a short time if washed onto the beach.","generalDescription":"Side plates wide and white at the end of a smooth stalk. 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Nest consists of an untidy cup of shredded bark, rootlets and grass usually placed in the vertical fork of a trees and decorated with moss and lichens. Lays 2-3 eggs. Mostly silent, but does occasionally utter a 'seep' for contact. Male sings two clear descending whistles in winter. Runs with head low.","generalDescription":"A medium-sized bird with grey brown or copper brown body. The Bassian Thrush has a white ring around the eye and black bars on the back. Feathers of breast, throat and flanks are edged in black scallops. Dark brown eye. Female slightly smaller than the male. Pale wing bars in flight. Body 29 cm.","briefId":"Medium-sized bird with brown to copper coloured body. Breast, flank and throat feathers scalloped in black. Dark brown eye.","hazards":null,"endemicity":"Native to Australia","commercial":"No","conservationStatuses":["CITES: Not listed","FFG Threatened List: Not listed","EPBC Act 1999: Not listed","IUCN Red List: Least Concern"],"web":null,"plants":[],"flightStart":null,"flightEnd":null,"depths":[],"waterColumnLocations":[],"relatedItemIds":[],"relatedSpecimenIds":[],"relatedArticleIds":["articles/14374"],"relatedSpeciesIds":[],"authors":[{"firstName":"Nicole","lastName":"Zehntner","fullName":"Nicole Zehntner","biography":"Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery","profileImage":null}],"yearWritten":"2013","media":[{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Speckled brown bird on branch.","large":{"width":3000,"height":2002,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/9/1009559-large.jpg","size":1224154},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":1001,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/9/1009559-medium.jpg","size":147040},"small":{"width":749,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/9/1009559-small.jpg","size":49232},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/9/1009559-thumbnail.jpg","size":10063},"id":"media/1009559","dateModified":"2023-05-27T05:39:00Z","caption":"<em>Zoothera lunulata</em>, Bassian Thrush. Yellingbo Nature Conservation Reserve, Victoria.","creators":["Photographer: David Paul"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY-NC","licence":{"name":"Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY-NC","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"}},{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Speckled brown bird on branch.","large":{"width":3000,"height":2002,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/17/1009567-large.jpg","size":1330789},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":1001,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/17/1009567-medium.jpg","size":154505},"small":{"width":749,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/17/1009567-small.jpg","size":50181},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/17/1009567-thumbnail.jpg","size":10150},"id":"media/1009567","dateModified":"2023-05-27T05:46:00Z","caption":"<em>Zoothera lunulata</em>, Bassian Thrush. 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Yellingbo Nature Conservation Reserve, Victoria.","creators":["Photographer: David Paul"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY-NC","licence":{"name":"Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY-NC","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"}},{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Speckled brown bird on ground.","large":{"width":3000,"height":1688,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/7/1009557-large.jpg","size":1242215},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":844,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/7/1009557-medium.jpg","size":180441},"small":{"width":889,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/7/1009557-small.jpg","size":76369},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/7/1009557-thumbnail.jpg","size":10312},"id":"media/1009557","dateModified":"2023-05-27T05:37:00Z","caption":"<em>Zoothera lunulata</em>, Bassian Thrush. Yellingbo Nature Conservation Reserve, Victoria.","creators":["Photographer: David Paul"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY-NC","licence":{"name":"Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY-NC","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"}},{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Speckled brown bird on branch.","large":{"width":3000,"height":3000,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/11/1009561-large.jpg","size":2416398},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":1500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/11/1009561-medium.jpg","size":284248},"small":{"width":500,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/11/1009561-small.jpg","size":35497},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/11/1009561-thumbnail.jpg","size":11426},"id":"media/1009561","dateModified":"2023-05-27T05:33:00Z","caption":"<em>Zoothera lunulata</em>, Bassian Thrush. Yellingbo Nature Conservation Reserve, Victoria.","creators":["Photographer: David Paul"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY-NC","licence":{"name":"Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY-NC","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"}},{"type":"uri","uri":"https://museumsvictoria.com.au/apps/field-guide-app-to-victorian-fauna/","id":"media/900123","dateModified":"2022-12-02T01:07:00Z","caption":"Get the free MV Field Guide to Victorian Fauna app for Apple and Android devices","creators":[],"sources":[],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":null,"licence":{"name":"All Rights Reserved","shortName":"All Rights Reserved","uri":""}}],"taxonomy":{"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Chordata","subphylum":"Vertebrata","superclass":null,"class":"Aves","subclass":null,"superorder":null,"order":"Passeriformes","suborder":null,"infraorder":null,"superfamily":null,"family":"Turdidae","subfamily":null,"genus":"Zoothera","subgenus":null,"species":"lunulata","subspecies":null,"author":null,"code":"ICZN","taxonName":"Zoothera lunulata","commonName":"Bassian Thrush","otherCommonNames":[]},"id":"species/7359"},{"recordType":"species","licence":{"name":"Attribution 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"dateModified":"2022-04-20T06:41:00Z","displayTitle":"<em>Philemon corniculatus</em>, Noisy Friarbird","animalType":"Birds","animalSubType":"Honeyeaters","colours":["Black","Brown","Grey","White"],"maximumSize":"35 cm","habitats":["Forest","Woodland","Heathland","DryForest","WetForest"],"whereToLook":[],"whenActive":[],"nationalParks":null,"diet":null,"dietCategories":[],"fastFact":null,"habitat":"Dry forests and eucalypt woodlands, as well as coastal scrub, heathlands and around wetlands and wet forests.","distribution":"Eastern Australia","biology":"Partial migrant in south of range, moving north in autumn and south in late winter. Its diet consists of nectar, fruit, insects and other invertebrates and sometimes eggs or baby birds. It spends most of its time feeding high up in the trees, only coming down to the ground occasionally. Often feeds in noisy flocks, and with other honeyeaters. They form long-term pairs, with both parents defending the nest and surrounds. The female builds the large, deep cup-shaped nest from bark and grass, bound with spider webs, slinging it in a tree-fork. She alone incubates the eggs, but both parents feed the young, for up to three weeks after fledging.","generalDescription":"A large bird with a distinctive naked black head and a strong bill with a prominent casque (bump) at the base. The upper parts are dark brown to grey; the underbody is off-white, with silver-white feathers around the throat and upper breast; and the tail has a white tip. It is a member of the honeyeater family. Body size up to 35 cm. Call a noisy, harsh and discordant deep honking sound: 'tobacco' or 'four o'clock'. Also a sharp 'owk owk'.","briefId":"Large bird, black head, strong bill with prominent bump, dark brown grey above, white underneath.","hazards":null,"endemicity":"Native to Australia","commercial":"No","conservationStatuses":["CITES: Not listed","FFG Threatened List: Not listed","EPBC Act 1999: Not listed","IUCN Red List: Least Concern"],"web":null,"plants":[],"flightStart":null,"flightEnd":null,"depths":[],"waterColumnLocations":[],"relatedItemIds":[],"relatedSpecimenIds":["specimens/466915","specimens/429686"],"relatedArticleIds":[],"relatedSpeciesIds":[],"authors":[{"firstName":"Louise","lastName":"Carter","fullName":"Dr Louise Carter","biography":"Australian Museum","profileImage":null}],"yearWritten":"2014","media":[{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Pale brown bird with elongated beak in tree.","large":{"width":1468,"height":1835,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/16/942166-large.jpg","size":613426},"medium":{"width":1200,"height":1500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/16/942166-medium.jpg","size":293199},"small":{"width":400,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/16/942166-small.jpg","size":52989},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/16/942166-thumbnail.jpg","size":16310},"id":"media/942166","dateModified":"2016-10-10T22:58:00Z","caption":"Noisy Friarbird, <em>Philemon corniculatus</em>.","creators":["Photographer: Glen Fergus"],"sources":["Wikimedia Commons"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Glen Fergus / CC BY","licence":{"name":"Attribution 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"}},{"type":"uri","uri":"https://museumsvictoria.com.au/apps/field-guide-app-to-victorian-fauna/","id":"media/900123","dateModified":"2022-12-02T01:07:00Z","caption":"Get the free MV Field Guide to Victorian Fauna app for Apple and Android devices","creators":[],"sources":[],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":null,"licence":{"name":"All Rights Reserved","shortName":"All Rights Reserved","uri":""}}],"taxonomy":{"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Chordata","subphylum":"Vertebrata","superclass":null,"class":"Aves","subclass":null,"superorder":null,"order":"Passeriformes","suborder":null,"infraorder":null,"superfamily":null,"family":"Meliphagidae","subfamily":null,"genus":"Philemon","subgenus":null,"species":"corniculatus","subspecies":null,"author":null,"code":"ICZN","taxonName":"Philemon corniculatus","commonName":"Noisy Friarbird","otherCommonNames":[]},"id":"species/12608"},{"recordType":"species","licence":{"name":"Attribution 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"dateModified":"2022-04-20T06:03:00Z","displayTitle":"<em>Alauda arvensis</em>, Eurasian Skylark","animalType":"Birds","animalSubType":"Song birds (other)","colours":["Brown","Grey"],"maximumSize":"17 cm","habitats":["Coastal shores","Grassland"],"whereToLook":[],"whenActive":[],"nationalParks":null,"diet":"Omnivore","dietCategories":["Seeds","Insects","Fruit","Plants"],"fastFact":null,"habitat":"Open grassy areas, including pasture or other modified areas such as playing-fields or verges of roads.","distribution":"South-eastern Australia.","biology":"This skylark dwells mostly on the ground, perching on rocks or low shrubs. It runs and hops over rocks or other obstacles, but will crouch and freeze when alarmed. It is introduced to Australia, but widespread in Europe, northern Asia and northern Africa, and has a sweet and melodious song.","generalDescription":"Brown or sandy-brown medium-small bird, with dark central streaks throughout feathers. Pale ring around eye, line above eye, and pale underbody. In flight, the rear edge of wing can be seen to have a narrow off-white edge. Length 18 cm with wingspan of 32 cm.","briefId":"Medium-small brown bird, streaked with black. Pale eyebrow and pale underbody.","hazards":null,"endemicity":"Introduced to Australia","commercial":"No","conservationStatuses":["CITES: Trade restrictions (Appendix III)","FFG Threatened List: Not listed","EPBC Act 1999: Not listed","IUCN Red List: Least Concern"],"web":null,"plants":[],"flightStart":null,"flightEnd":null,"depths":[],"waterColumnLocations":[],"relatedItemIds":[],"relatedSpecimenIds":[],"relatedArticleIds":["articles/14374"],"relatedSpeciesIds":[],"authors":[{"firstName":"Alexis","lastName":"Tindall","fullName":"Alexis Tindall","biography":"South Australian Museum","profileImage":null}],"yearWritten":"2013","media":[{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Brown-beige bird on pile of sod.","large":{"width":1695,"height":1695,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/6/907506-large.jpg","size":763988},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":1500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/6/907506-medium.jpg","size":385005},"small":{"width":500,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/6/907506-small.jpg","size":33345},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/6/907506-thumbnail.jpg","size":8041},"id":"media/907506","dateModified":"2023-06-03T03:21:00Z","caption":"<em>Alauda arvensis</em>, Eurasian Skylark. Lake Condah, Budj Bim Cultural Heritage Landscape, Victoria.","creators":["Photographer: David Paul"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY-NC","licence":{"name":"Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY-NC","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"}},{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Brown-beige bird on pile of sod.","large":{"width":3000,"height":2002,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/8/907508-large.jpg","size":1384225},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":1001,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/8/907508-medium.jpg","size":198814},"small":{"width":749,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/8/907508-small.jpg","size":45082},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/8/907508-thumbnail.jpg","size":6570},"id":"media/907508","dateModified":"2023-06-03T03:20:00Z","caption":"<em>Alauda arvensis</em>, Eurasian Skylark. Lake Condah, Budj Bim Cultural Heritage Landscape, Victoria.","creators":["Photographer: David Paul"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY-NC","licence":{"name":"Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY-NC","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"}},{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Brown bird on fence post.","large":{"width":3000,"height":1688,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/4/907504-large.jpg","size":282400},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":844,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/4/907504-medium.jpg","size":43261},"small":{"width":889,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/4/907504-small.jpg","size":20393},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/4/907504-thumbnail.jpg","size":4461},"id":"media/907504","dateModified":"2023-06-03T03:22:00Z","caption":"<em>Alauda arvensis</em>, Eurasian Skylark. Lake Condah, Budj Bim Cultural Heritage Landscape, Victoria.","creators":["Photographer: David Paul"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY-NC","licence":{"name":"Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY-NC","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"}},{"type":"uri","uri":"https://museumsvictoria.com.au/apps/field-guide-app-to-victorian-fauna/","id":"media/900123","dateModified":"2022-12-02T01:07:00Z","caption":"Get the free MV Field Guide to Victorian Fauna app for Apple and Android devices","creators":[],"sources":[],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":null,"licence":{"name":"All Rights Reserved","shortName":"All Rights Reserved","uri":""}}],"taxonomy":{"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Chordata","subphylum":"Vertebrata","superclass":null,"class":"Aves","subclass":null,"superorder":null,"order":"Passeriformes","suborder":null,"infraorder":null,"superfamily":null,"family":"Alaudidae","subfamily":null,"genus":"Alauda","subgenus":null,"species":"arvensis","subspecies":null,"author":null,"code":"ICZN","taxonName":"Alauda arvensis","commonName":"Eurasian Skylark","otherCommonNames":[]},"id":"species/7333"},{"recordType":"species","licence":{"name":"Attribution 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"dateModified":"2022-04-20T06:04:00Z","displayTitle":"<em>Lichenostomus virescens</em>, Singing Honeyeater","animalType":"Birds","animalSubType":"Honeyeaters","colours":["Brown","Grey","Black","Yellow"],"maximumSize":"19 cm","habitats":["Coastal shores","Woodland","Herbfield","Shrubland"],"whereToLook":[],"whenActive":[],"nationalParks":null,"diet":"Omnivore","dietCategories":["Invertebrates","Nectar","Fruit"],"fastFact":null,"habitat":"Shrublands, woodlands and other open wooded areas, especially those dominated by <em>Acacia</em>.","distribution":"Across Australia.","biology":"Feeds on insects, spiders, fruit and nectar and forages at lower levels than other honeyeaters. They are argumentative birds and will chase other birds from food sources, including birds that are larger than themselves. Its call is full, clear, loud and can be very varied, which can confuse even experienced observers. The song given mainly at dawn is described as pleasing, merry, melodious and musical, while their daytime calls are generally short and not song-like, so the common name 'Singing' is not very apt.","generalDescription":"Medium-sized honeyeater with a fairly long bill that is curved slightly downward. Upperside grey-brown, off-white streaked with brown below, bold black mask extending from bill, across eyes and ears to the shoulder, bordered yellow on the bottom edge. Length 19 cm and wingspan to 25 cm.","briefId":"Medium honeyeater, curved bill, grey-brown above, off-white streaked with brown below. 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insects","animalSubType":"Flies","colours":["Green","Brown"],"maximumSize":"","habitats":["Urban","Grassland","WetForest","DryForest","Woodland"],"whereToLook":[],"whenActive":[],"nationalParks":null,"diet":"Carnivore","dietCategories":[],"fastFact":null,"habitat":"Open woodland and grassland areas, gardens and parks with trees.","distribution":"Eastern mainland Australia.","biology":"Robber Flies are predators, using their spiny legs to catch flying insects. Females lay eggs in soil or attach them to plants. Larvae live in soil and may be predacious. A number of species in this group mimic wasps.","generalDescription":"Head and mid-body wide, abdomen narrow. Legs spiny. Eyes separated, one on each side of head. Large mouthparts. Body up to 3 cm long.","briefId":"Narrow abdomen, wide head, spiny legs, eyes separated.","hazards":null,"endemicity":"Native to Australia","commercial":null,"conservationStatuses":["CITES: Not listed","FFG Threatened List: Not listed","EPBC Act 1999: Not listed","IUCN Red List: Not listed"],"web":null,"plants":[],"flightStart":null,"flightEnd":null,"depths":[],"waterColumnLocations":[],"relatedItemIds":[],"relatedSpecimenIds":[],"relatedArticleIds":["articles/14374"],"relatedSpeciesIds":[],"authors":[{"firstName":null,"lastName":null,"fullName":"Museums Victoria Staff","biography":null,"profileImage":null}],"yearWritten":"2010","media":[{"type":"image","alternativeText":"A Robber Fly on a plant stem.","large":{"width":2944,"height":1960,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/33/389633-large.jpg","size":1260228},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":999,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/33/389633-medium.jpg","size":202495},"small":{"width":751,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/33/389633-small.jpg","size":62161},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/33/389633-thumbnail.jpg","size":10532},"id":"media/389633","dateModified":"2022-11-25T00:20:00Z","caption":"Robber Fly, <em>Colepia rufiventris</em>.","creators":["Photographer: Otto Rogge"],"sources":["Otto Rogge / ottophoto.com"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Otto Rogge / All Rights Reserved","licence":{"name":"All Rights Reserved","shortName":"All Rights Reserved","uri":""}},{"type":"uri","uri":"https://museumsvictoria.com.au/apps/field-guide-app-to-victorian-fauna/","id":"media/900123","dateModified":"2022-12-02T01:07:00Z","caption":"Get the free MV Field Guide to Victorian Fauna app for Apple and Android devices","creators":[],"sources":[],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":null,"licence":{"name":"All Rights Reserved","shortName":"All Rights Reserved","uri":""}}],"taxonomy":{"kingdom":null,"phylum":"Arthropoda","subphylum":"Uniramia","superclass":null,"class":"Insecta","subclass":null,"superorder":null,"order":"Diptera","suborder":null,"infraorder":null,"superfamily":null,"family":"Asilidae","subfamily":null,"genus":"Colepia","subgenus":null,"species":"rufiventris","subspecies":null,"author":"(Macquart, 1838)","code":"ICZN","taxonName":"Colepia rufiventris","commonName":"Robber Fly","otherCommonNames":[]},"id":"species/8576"},{"recordType":"species","licence":{"name":"Attribution 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"dateModified":"2017-08-17T04:06:00Z","displayTitle":"<em>Acanthodes</em>","animalType":"Fossil","animalSubType":"Fishes","colours":[],"maximumSize":"30 cm","habitats":["Freshwater","Estuarine"],"whereToLook":[],"whenActive":[],"nationalParks":null,"diet":null,"dietCategories":[],"fastFact":"Genus name derived from the Greek term 'acanthous' which means spine.","habitat":"Found in rocks from freshwater stream and esturine environments.","distribution":"Specimens known from Europe, North America and Australia.","biology":"Members of the Acanthodii are notable for being some of the earliest known fishes with jaws. However, the taxonomy of the group is debated, as Acanthodii consists of multiple unrelated forms. \n\nThe streamlined body of <em>Acanthodes</em> suggest it was a fast swimmer. Studies on various specimens suggest that body proportions did not change greatly throughout its development. Recent well-preserved finds have established that Acanthodes had colour vision.","generalDescription":"A relatively large acanthodian fish with six spines, one in front of each of its fins. Acanthodes did not have any teeth and had very few skull bones. They reached a length of about 30 cm.","briefId":"A genus of 'spiny shark' with no teeth, cartilaginous skeletons and file-like scales.","hazards":null,"endemicity":null,"commercial":null,"conservationStatuses":[],"web":null,"plants":[],"flightStart":null,"flightEnd":null,"depths":[],"waterColumnLocations":[],"relatedItemIds":[],"relatedSpecimenIds":["specimens/1773870","specimens/1773871","specimens/1059860","specimens/1485057","specimens/2004446","specimens/1060845"],"relatedArticleIds":[],"relatedSpeciesIds":[],"authors":[{"firstName":"Timothy","lastName":"Holland","fullName":"Dr Timothy M. Holland","biography":"Research Associate and PhD student in Vertebrate Palaeontology at Museums Victoria until 2012.","profileImage":null},{"firstName":"Kalinda","lastName":"Korkman","fullName":"Kalinda Korkman","biography":"Kalinda Korkman was a Monash University intern at Museums Victoria  in 2017.","profileImage":null}],"yearWritten":"2017","media":[{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Fossil fish, scale patterns visible on rock.","large":{"width":3000,"height":1980,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/18/680418-large.jpg","size":896334},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":990,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/18/680418-medium.jpg","size":185067},"small":{"width":758,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/18/680418-small.jpg","size":50532},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/18/680418-thumbnail.jpg","size":9138},"id":"media/680418","dateModified":"2023-05-24T13:09:00Z","caption":"<em>Acanthodes</em>, spiny shark fossil. Registration no. P 10271.","creators":["Photographer: Timothy Holland"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY","licence":{"name":"Attribution 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"}},{"type":"uri","uri":"https://museumsvictoria.com.au/apps/field-guide-app-to-victorian-fauna/","id":"media/900123","dateModified":"2022-12-02T01:07:00Z","caption":"Get the free MV Field Guide to Victorian Fauna app for Apple and Android devices","creators":[],"sources":[],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":null,"licence":{"name":"All Rights Reserved","shortName":"All Rights Reserved","uri":""}}],"taxonomy":{"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Chordata","subphylum":"Vertebrata","superclass":null,"class":"Acanthodii","subclass":null,"superorder":null,"order":"Acanthodiformes","suborder":null,"infraorder":null,"superfamily":null,"family":"Acanthodidae","subfamily":null,"genus":"Acanthodes","subgenus":null,"species":null,"subspecies":null,"author":null,"code":"ICZN","taxonName":"Acanthodes","commonName":null,"otherCommonNames":[]},"id":"species/11118"},{"recordType":"species","licence":{"name":"Attribution 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"dateModified":"2022-04-20T05:56:00Z","displayTitle":"<em>Anthus novaeseelandiae</em> (Gmelin, 1789), Australasian Pipit","animalType":"Birds","animalSubType":"Song birds (other)","colours":["Brown"],"maximumSize":"18 cm","habitats":["Coastal shores","Grassland","Woodland","Herbfield"],"whereToLook":[],"whenActive":[],"nationalParks":null,"diet":"Insects","dietCategories":["Insects","Seeds"],"fastFact":null,"habitat":"Open country, in a range of habitat types from saltmarshes to dry shrublands and open woodland clearings.","distribution":"Across Australia.","biology":"The Australasian Pipit's diet consists of insects and their larvae, as well as seeds. It forages in a jerky, darting motion, stopping to perch on low stones or shrubs, wagging its tail up and down. Breeding pairs are formed after an elaborate courtship ritual, with males making swooping dives from a height, accompanied by a sweet trilling song. The nest is a depression in the ground, sometimes sheltered by a grass tussock, stone or piece of wood, and lined with grasses and hairs. The female incubates the eggs and feeds the young.","generalDescription":"Well-camouflaged, brown ground-dwelling bird, with darker brown streaks above and pale creamy white stripes on the eyebrows and below the cheeks. Underparts are creamy white, spotted and streaked dark on the breast. Wings and tail are dark brown, with the outermost tail feathers white. Bill and feet are pale pink-grey. Body length up to 18 cm.","briefId":"Well-camouflaged, brown, ground-dwelling bird with pale pink/grey bill and feet.","hazards":null,"endemicity":"Native to Australia","commercial":"No","conservationStatuses":["CITES: Not listed","FFG Threatened List: Not listed","EPBC Act 1999: Not listed","IUCN Red List: Least Concern"],"web":null,"plants":[],"flightStart":null,"flightEnd":null,"depths":[],"waterColumnLocations":[],"relatedItemIds":[],"relatedSpecimenIds":[],"relatedArticleIds":["articles/14374"],"relatedSpeciesIds":[],"authors":[{"firstName":"Louise","lastName":"Carter","fullName":"Dr Louise Carter","biography":"Australian Museum","profileImage":null}],"yearWritten":"2014","media":[{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Brown bird with pinkish legs standing on ground.","large":{"width":3000,"height":2000,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/49/1113399-large.jpg","size":788461},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":1000,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/49/1113399-medium.jpg","size":149169},"small":{"width":750,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/49/1113399-small.jpg","size":49929},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/49/1113399-thumbnail.jpg","size":8471},"id":"media/1113399","dateModified":"2023-06-01T19:58:00Z","caption":"Australasian Pipit, <em>Anthus novaeseelandiae</em>.","creators":["Photographer: John Barkla"],"sources":["BirdLife Australia"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright John Barkla/BirdLife Australia / All Rights Reserved","licence":{"name":"All Rights Reserved","shortName":"All Rights Reserved","uri":""}},{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Side view of brown bird with pinkish legs standing on ground.","large":{"width":3000,"height":2250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/1/1113401-large.jpg","size":955233},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":1125,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/1/1113401-medium.jpg","size":160290},"small":{"width":667,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/1/1113401-small.jpg","size":44437},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/1/1113401-thumbnail.jpg","size":8910},"id":"media/1113401","dateModified":"2023-06-01T19:58:00Z","caption":"Australasian Pipit, <em>Anthus novaeseelandiae</em>.","creators":["Photographer: John Barkla"],"sources":["BirdLife Australia"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright John Barkla/BirdLife Australia / All Rights Reserved","licence":{"name":"All Rights Reserved","shortName":"All Rights Reserved","uri":""}},{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Side view of brown bird standing on ground, wings slightly open.","large":{"width":3000,"height":2250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/3/1113403-large.jpg","size":983578},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":1125,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/3/1113403-medium.jpg","size":177263},"small":{"width":667,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/3/1113403-small.jpg","size":48010},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/3/1113403-thumbnail.jpg","size":9444},"id":"media/1113403","dateModified":"2023-06-01T19:57:00Z","caption":"Australasian Pipit, <em>Anthus novaeseelandiae</em>.","creators":["Photographer: John Barkla"],"sources":["BirdLife Australia"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright John Barkla/BirdLife Australia / All Rights Reserved","licence":{"name":"All Rights Reserved","shortName":"All Rights Reserved","uri":""}},{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Side view of mottled brown bird standing on branch.","large":{"width":3000,"height":2000,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/5/1113405-large.jpg","size":816527},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":1000,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/5/1113405-medium.jpg","size":152701},"small":{"width":750,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/5/1113405-small.jpg","size":48604},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/5/1113405-thumbnail.jpg","size":8494},"id":"media/1113405","dateModified":"2023-06-01T20:04:00Z","caption":"Australasian Pipit, <em>Anthus novaeseelandiae</em>.","creators":["Photographer: John Barkla"],"sources":["BirdLife Australia"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright John Barkla/BirdLife Australia / All Rights Reserved","licence":{"name":"All Rights Reserved","shortName":"All Rights Reserved","uri":""}},{"type":"uri","uri":"https://museumsvictoria.com.au/apps/field-guide-app-to-victorian-fauna/","id":"media/900123","dateModified":"2022-12-02T01:07:00Z","caption":"Get the free MV Field Guide to Victorian Fauna app for Apple and Android devices","creators":[],"sources":[],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":null,"licence":{"name":"All Rights Reserved","shortName":"All Rights Reserved","uri":""}}],"taxonomy":{"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Chordata","subphylum":"Vertebrata","superclass":null,"class":"Aves","subclass":null,"superorder":null,"order":"Passeriformes","suborder":null,"infraorder":null,"superfamily":null,"family":"Motacillidae","subfamily":null,"genus":"Anthus","subgenus":null,"species":"novaeseelandiae","subspecies":null,"author":"(Gmelin, 1789)","code":"ICZN","taxonName":"Anthus novaeseelandiae","commonName":"Australasian Pipit","otherCommonNames":["Richard's Pipit"]},"id":"species/7334"},{"recordType":"species","licence":{"name":"Attribution 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"dateModified":"2022-04-20T05:57:00Z","displayTitle":"<em>Pachyptila turtur</em>, Fairy Prion","animalType":"Birds","animalSubType":"Sea birds","colours":["Grey","White"],"maximumSize":"25 cm","habitats":["Coastal shores"],"whereToLook":[],"whenActive":[],"nationalParks":null,"diet":"Omnivore","dietCategories":[],"fastFact":null,"habitat":"Oceans and coastal breeding islands.","distribution":"Around Australia.","biology":"Feed in large flocks, sometimes in mixed species groups. Erratic, buoyant and swift flight. Flits from wave to wave top picking food from the water surface. Breeds on islands and rock stacks using crevices and caves in cliffs in rock falls.","generalDescription":"Small bird with blue-grey plumage on upper parts and white underneath. Dark 'M' on upper parts extending to wing tips. Wedge-shaped tail with dark tip. Short narrow bill with a strong hook. Blue bill and feet. To 25 cm.","briefId":"Small blue-grey bird with white underneath. Dark 'M' on upper parts extending to wingtips.","hazards":null,"endemicity":"Native to Australia","commercial":"No","conservationStatuses":["CITES: Not listed","FFG Threatened List: Not listed","EPBC Act 1999: Not listed","IUCN Red List: Least Concern"],"web":null,"plants":[],"flightStart":null,"flightEnd":null,"depths":[],"waterColumnLocations":[],"relatedItemIds":[],"relatedSpecimenIds":[],"relatedArticleIds":["articles/14374"],"relatedSpeciesIds":[],"authors":[{"firstName":"Nicole","lastName":"Zehntner","fullName":"Nicole Zehntner","biography":"Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery","profileImage":null}],"yearWritten":"2013","media":[{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Grey and white bird in flight over open water.","large":{"width":3000,"height":1377,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/23/1006473-large.jpg","size":534847},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":688,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/23/1006473-medium.jpg","size":86042},"small":{"width":1089,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/23/1006473-small.jpg","size":53253},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/23/1006473-thumbnail.jpg","size":6026},"id":"media/1006473","dateModified":"2023-05-27T05:26:00Z","caption":"<em>Pachyptila turtur</em>, Fairy Prion. Off Port Fairy, Victoria.","creators":["Photographer: David Paul"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY-NC","licence":{"name":"Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY-NC","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"}},{"type":"image","alternativeText":"Grey and white bird in flight over open water.","large":{"width":2288,"height":1287,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/26/1006476-large.jpg","size":480279},"medium":{"width":1500,"height":844,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/26/1006476-medium.jpg","size":113335},"small":{"width":889,"height":500,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/26/1006476-small.jpg","size":35871},"thumbnail":{"width":250,"height":250,"uri":"https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/26/1006476-thumbnail.jpg","size":6237},"id":"media/1006476","dateModified":"2023-05-27T05:25:00Z","caption":"<em>Pachyptila turtur</em>, Fairy Prion. Off Port Fairy, Victoria.","creators":["Photographer: David Paul"],"sources":["Museums Victoria"],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":"Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY-NC","licence":{"name":"Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY-NC","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"}},{"type":"uri","uri":"https://museumsvictoria.com.au/apps/field-guide-app-to-victorian-fauna/","id":"media/900123","dateModified":"2022-12-02T01:07:00Z","caption":"Get the free MV Field Guide to Victorian Fauna app for Apple and Android devices","creators":[],"sources":[],"credit":null,"rightsStatement":null,"licence":{"name":"All Rights Reserved","shortName":"All Rights Reserved","uri":""}}],"taxonomy":{"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Chordata","subphylum":"Vertebrata","superclass":null,"class":"Aves","subclass":null,"superorder":null,"order":"Procellariiformes","suborder":null,"infraorder":null,"superfamily":null,"family":"Procellariidae","subfamily":null,"genus":"Pachyptila","subgenus":null,"species":"turtur","subspecies":null,"author":null,"code":"ICZN","taxonName":"Pachyptila turtur","commonName":"Fairy Prion","otherCommonNames":[]},"id":"species/5780"},{"recordType":"species","licence":{"name":"Attribution 4.0 International","shortName":"CC BY","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"dateModified":"2017-08-13T23:51:00Z","displayTitle":"Scoliidae","animalType":"Insects","animalSubType":"Wasps","colours":[],"maximumSize":"4 cm","habitats":[],"whereToLook":[],"whenActive":[],"nationalParks":null,"diet":"Omnivore","dietCategories":[],"fastFact":null,"habitat":null,"distribution":"Throughout most parts of Australia.","biology":"This family of wasps occurs around the world. Two main groups of Hairy Flower Wasps are seen in Victoria, <em>Austroscolia soror</em> and <em>Campsomeris</em> which occur in similar habitats. \n\nLike most insects that visit flowers, adult Hairy Flower Wasps drink nectar. Nectar provides them with food energy in the form of sugars that they use to power their wing muscles. Flower wasps are frequent visitors to flowers and due to their size and colour, are extremely obvious when drinking nectar. \n\nThey are often seen visiting compost heaps or wood piles or flying around the dead stump of a tree. Adult females are large and powerful wasps and are quite capable of digging into compost heaps or saw-dust of a tree stump to find scarab beetle grubs (such as the Christmas Beetle group). \n\nHaving located a beetle grub, the female stings and lays an egg inside it. The sting from the wasp does not kill the beetle grub but only paralyses it. There is a good reason why the female wasp does not kill the beetle grub. If the sting were to kill the beetle grub, then its tissue would immediately start to rot and decompose. When the wasp egg hatches inside the paralysed beetle grub it is surrounded by living tissue - the food that it needs to eat. The developing wasp larva knows which parts of the beetle grub to eat first to prolong the grub's life for as long as possible; thus maximizing the chances of complete development of the wasp larva. This behaviour makes these flower wasps parasitoids rather than parasites because the host is slowly killed. Parasites do not usually kill their host. Many species of wasps are parasitoids but others, such as paper wasps, kill their prey immediately. \n\nFlower wasps are solitary and do not make a nest or form a colony. If you see several flying around a compost heap or tree stump it simply means that several wasps have found the area.","generalDescription":"Colourful, hairy wasps. These are large wasps for Australia, reaching 4 cm in length, though usually they are around 1-3 cm.","briefId":"Large, colourful, hairy wasps.","hazards":"Flower wasps do have a well-developed sting but unlike a honey bee or a paper wasp, flower wasps do not have a nest or colony to protect, and are therefore not aggressive. They will not attack people for just being near where they are searching for food. The only way you could get stung by a flower wasp is to accidentally stand or sit on it. This can occur as the flower wasps fly at ground level looking for beetle grubs. There are no known reports of anyone having a problem with the sting of a flower wasp other than the pain of the sting itself but people who know they have an allergy to bee or wasp stings should avoid getting stung. Usually the application of a water-ice pack placed on the sting site will quickly reduce the pain and swelling. 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