The Defence Acts of 1903 and 1904 provided for all 'unexempted' males to be called up for military service in times of war. The Defence Act of 1909 required all eligible men to undertake military training and service in peacetime as well. A system of universal and compulsory military training for all males aged between 18 and 60 was in place from 1911-1929.
References:
Australian War Memorial encyclopaedia, 'Conscription'
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