Summary
Aternative Name: Token
Issued: Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Medal, Cole's Book Arcade Federation of the World, Causes of Variation in Mankind, circa 1885. Minted in the USA, this aluminium medal was one of a series of medals offering maxims and proverbs chosen by E.W. Cole at his Book Arcade. He called the medals 'little missionaries for the spread of educative knowledge' (Dean, 1988, p.36).
According to Sydney Endacott, an employee of Cole, customers were charged three pence for these medals (which he prefers to call tokens) which, when the Arcade was particularly busy, gave them admission to the second-hand books gallery where the orchestra played. Each medal could be exchanged for thee pence worth of goods, but most were kept. The pierced ones were sometimes worn as pendants or on pocket watch chains. The medals served as perpetual advertisements of the Arcade (Victorian Historical Magazine, February 1962). George Dean suggests that the medals were also given in change at Christmas time, and could be used to operate amusement machines (presumably including the symphonion and hens, although these only required one penny to operate).
Cole had his first medal stuck in 1879 and his last one about 1903. The medals were variously gilded, silvered or bronzed, replicating the coinage then circulating, or plated with nickel or white metal. The medal blanks were usually made of copper or brass, but some might have been bronze; aluminium was also sometimes used. In all, perhaps 300,000 medals were struck, in 97 types. Only 50 types are known to have circulated (George Dean, 1988, A Handbook on E.W. Cole: His Book Arcade, Tokens and Medals).
Physical Description
An aluminium medal (39 mm diameter) offering a thought provoking maxim related to world federation.
Obverse Description
Above a tree fern, CAUSES OF VARIATION IN MANKIND at left side, MAN / IS BUILT UP / BY TWO CAUSES / HEREDITY FROM / HIS PARENTS / AND THE / SUM TOTAL / OF HIS on right side, ENVIRONMENTS / SUCH AS / FOOD / CLOTHES / SHELTER / CLIMATE / LOCALITY / EDUCATION / OCCUPATION / ETC above ground line, MADE IN U.S.A.
Reverse Description
Within a wreath springing from a rainbow, HIS SKIN-COLOR / IS CAUSED BY THE / SUN. HE DEGENERATES IN THE ENERVATING / TROPICS. HE EVOLVES / PHYSICALLY STRONGER / IN THE BRACING / TEMPERATE REGIONS below rainbow, FEDERATION OF THE / WORLD MEDALS / ISSUED / BY E.W. COLE / BOOK ARCADE MELBOURNE
Edge Description
Plain
Significance
Cole's Book Arcade opened in the Bourke Street Mall in 1883, after earlier operating from other sites. It was a shop like no other, crammed with new and second-hand books and other wares, but with the atmosphere of a circus. Cole enticed customers of all ages with a menagerie and fernery, a band, a clockwork symphonion and other mechanical delights. Readers could sit in comfortable chairs, encouraged by a sign: 'Read for as Long as You Like - Nobody Asked to Buy'. The Arcade's proprietor, Edward William Cole, was optimist and idealist, believing passionately in the power of education and envisaged a world without borders, expounding his views in pamphlets and books. Cole died in 1918, still dreaming of a better future. Cole's Book Arcade, one of the wonders of 'marvellous Melbourne', closed in 1929.
More Information
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Collection Names
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Collecting Areas
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Acquisition Information
Transfer from National Gallery of Victoria (NGV), 15 Mar 1976
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Date Issued
circa 1885 AD
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Issued By
Cole's Book Arcade, Melbourne, Greater Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, circa 1885
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Mint
United States of America
Made in the United States of America. -
Inscriptions
Obverse: CAUSES OF VARIATION IN MANKIND MAN / IS BUILT UP / BY TWO CAUSES / HEREDITY FROM / HIS PARENTS / AND THE / SUM TOTAL / OF HIS ENVIRONMENTS / SUCH AS / FOOD / CLOTHES / SHELTER / CLIMATE / LOCALITY / EDUCATION / OCCUPATION / ETC MADE IN U.S.A. Reverse: HIS SKIN-COLOR / IS CAUSED BY THE / SUN. HE DEGENERATES IN THE ENERVATING / TROPICS. HE EVOLVES / PHYSICALLY STRONGER / IN THE BRACING / TEMPERATE REGIONS FEDERATION OF THE / WORLD MEDALS / ISSUED / BY E.W. COLE / BOOK ARCADE MELBOURNE
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Series
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Material
Aluminium
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Axis
12
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Classification
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Category
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Discipline
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Type of item
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Overall Dimensions
38 mm (Outside Diameter), 5.21 g (Weight)
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Shape
Round
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References
Chitty 76 = Dean 89
[Book] Dean, George D. 1988. A Handbook on E.W. Cole, His Book Arcade, Tokens & Medals.
[Book] Turnley, Cole. 1974. Cole of the Book Arcade: a Biography of E.W. Cole.
[Article] 1973. A Tribute to E.W. Cole. Australian Numismatist. 27 (10): 5-10.
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Keywords
Advertising, Booksellers, Racism, Retailing, World Federation