General Description
Moderate to large, muscular, cylindrical, free-swimming squid. Fins extend along the entire length of the body, combining to form a diamond shape. Colour patterns are generally yellow-green to orange and often include three or four dark bars across the upper or lower surfaces of body. Mantle length to 40 cm, total length to 50 cm, weight to approximately 4 kg.
Biology
This squid is common in shallow inshore waters, often in sand habitats and seagrass meadows. It is mainly active at night but can also be seen active during the day. Younger animals form small schools, with larger adults tending to be more solitary. They are fast swimmers, using both the fins and jet propulsion. They primarily feed on fish and shrimp and will regularly approach divers' lights at night to catch fish attracted to the lights. Their main defences are high speed jetting and ink squirting, but they are also capable of good camouflage amongst weed. Mating consists of males placing sperm packages within the gill cavity of the female. Females lay finger-like strings of white fleshy eggs amongst weed. Each string contains around six eggs, the separate egg segments becoming more obvious as the eggs mature. This squid is very popular for human consumption. It is caught as bycatch in trawl fisheries. Spawning aggregations are targeted as a small-scale fishery in Tasmania and South Australia. It is also very popular with recreational fishermen who use baitless jigs and long jig poles to fish from piers and jetties at dusk.
Distribution
New Zealand and southern Australia.
Habitat
Shallow inshore waters, often in sand habitats and seagrass meadows, usually to depth of 20 m, recorded to 68 m.
More Information
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Animal Type
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Animal SubType
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Brief Id
10 arms and tentacles, fins extend entire length of body to form a diamond shape.
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Maximum Size
50 cm
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Habitats
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Diet
Carnivore
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Hazards
Potential to bite, especially if handled. Venom status unknown.
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Endemicity
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Commercial
Yes
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Conservation Statuses
CITES: Not listed, FFG Threatened List: Not listed, DSE Advisory List: Not listed, IUCN Red List: Least Concern
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Depths
Shallow (1-30 m), Deep ( > 30 m)
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Water Column Locations
Midwater
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Taxon Name
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Scientific Author
Quoy & Gaimard, 1832
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Common Name
Southern Calamari Squid
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Phylum
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Class
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Subclass
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Order
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Suborder
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Family
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Genus
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Species Name
australis